If you could do only three things for your health, what should they be? Andrew Huberman’s answer is surprisingly straightforward: get bright light shortly after waking, resistance train, and make the sleep you can get as high-quality as possible. Andrew joins a16z General Partner Daisy Wolf to walk through the protocols he actually follows, from exercise and nutrition to meditation, supplements, and locking his social media phone in a box. He also explains why optimizing every health protocol can be counterproductive if it gets in the way of the rest of your life. And for founders, Andrew makes a different case: identify the hours when your brain does its best work and protect them. They discuss cognitive performance, meditation, sustainable workloads, and emerging neurotechnology that could help us control transitions between sleep, focus, and recovery.

What does it take to build robots that can actually work in factories and warehouses? Tutor Intelligence CEO Josh Gruenstein argues robotics is a systems problem spanning AI, hardware, manufacturing, and the work itself. Josh joins a16z General Partners Martin Casado and Raghu Raghuram to explain Tutor’s approach: deploy robots into real businesses, use human “tutors” when needed, and turn that work into training data that makes the robots more capable. They discuss Tutor’s 100-robot data factory, robots starting at roughly $16 an hour, advances in spatial reasoning, and what flexible robotic labor could mean for American manufacturing and the physical economy.

Can relentless optimization create as much value as breakthrough invention? Bending Spoons CEO Luca Ferrari argues that radical innovation can produce extraordinary outcomes, but systematic improvement can be more dependable, especially when paired with a model designed to compound over decades. Speaking with a16z General Partner Anish Acharya at Wave by Vento, Luca explains how Bending Spoons acquires technology companies, integrates them onto a shared platform, improves their economics, and reinvests the resulting cash into new acquisitions. They discuss the tradeoffs between growth and profitability, how to use debt without putting the company at risk, and why long-term thinking can create an advantage. They also debate whether AI really threatens SaaS, why moats like brand, proprietary data, network effects, and switching costs still matter, and how Bending Spoons is already using AI across coding, customer support, and data analysis.

What if finding your next job, co-founder, or collaborator depended less on a resume and more on who is willing to vouch for you? Cosign is building a professional network around those signals, with the longer-term goal of giving AI agents access to the relationship and reputation data that traditional networks keep locked away. a16z New Media’s David Booth and Dhruv Gupta join MTS to introduce the Cosign Awards, which recognize standout operators, companies, and products based on nominations from the people who know their work. They also unpack the bigger idea behind Cosign: mapping the people and relationships that rarely show up in public data, then making that graph accessible to both humans and agents. Looking ahead, they imagine professional networking where your personal agent can talk directly to a company’s agent, determine whether there’s a potential fit, and only bring the opportunity to you when there’s a genuine “coincidence of intent.”

What happens when AI makes legal work cheap enough to take cases lawyers couldn't afford to touch before? Eve CEO Jay Madheswaran argues that AI won't just cut costs for law firms. It could expand access to legal representation by making an entirely new class of cases economically viable. Jay joins a16z General Partner Alex Rampell to explain how Eve is automating plaintiff law from the first client call through settlement, and why some firms are already using it to increase the number of clients each attorney can manage from roughly 100 to 500. They also discuss how AI could shift lawyers toward higher-value advocacy, why agents may eventually negotiate with other agents, and what happens to the legal system when bringing a case becomes dramatically cheaper.

America’s defense, energy, manufacturing, and robotics booms are increasingly becoming one story: the rebuilding of the country’s industrial base. This year’s AD50 highlights the companies building across that stack, from critical materials and factories to the systems they ultimately power. a16z’s Erin Price-Wright and Connor Love join Elena Burger to unpack what has changed. They discuss how defense demand can help finance manufacturing capacity that ultimately serves much larger commercial markets, why AI is changing the economics of American factories, and how a new generation of founders is applying lessons from SpaceX, Tesla, Anduril, and Palantir to mining, energy, manufacturing, and defense. They also make the case that these companies are no longer simply important to America. With private capital increasingly willing to fund physical infrastructure and production before government demand is guaranteed, they can become some of the most valuable companies in the world.

Mark Cuban thinks AI could transform healthcare, but it won’t fix opaque prices and broken incentives on its own. His starting point for employers: run every benefits contract through AI and ask where you’re getting ripped off. Mark joins a16z General Partner Julie Yoo and Erik Torenberg to discuss what he’s learned building Cost Plus Drugs, why trust is its core product, and how greater transparency could put pressure on healthcare costs. They also explore where AI can help, what personalized medicine could look like, how the role of doctors may change, and why Mark believes founders should use AI to learn, not as an excuse to stop thinking.

What should school look like if AI can help students learn dramatically faster? Alpha School founder Joe Liemandt argues the answer isn’t to fill the extra time with more academics, but to redesign school around the skills traditional classrooms struggle to teach: agency, teamwork, entrepreneurship, communication, and doing hard things. Joe joins Erik Torenberg and Horowitz and Andreessen Academy co-founder Gagan Biyani to discuss Alpha’s model, where students spend two hours a day on core academics and the rest developing real-world skills through projects. They explore what that approach can teach higher education, why motivation may matter more than curriculum, and how HAA is applying similar principles to college-age students by putting building, relationships, and real-world experience at the center of the learning experience. They also discuss what parents need to believe before choosing a new educational model, why Joe expects AI to drive an explosion in entrepreneurship, and why the most important question for students may not be which field is safest from AI, but what they care enough about to build.

AI agents are approaching a point where they can use computers faster than expert humans, turning the user interface itself into a universal way for AI to interact with software. OpenAI’s Ari Weinstein and James Sun argue that computer use is now entering its scaling moment, as better models, faster execution, and stronger safety controls make agents practical for more consumer and enterprise work. Ari and James join a16z’s Seema Amble and Fabrizio Serafini to explain how computer-using agents are already navigating legacy ERPs, reconciling financial data, handling procurement, and operating software without APIs or custom integrations. They also discuss why the harness around the model can matter as much as model intelligence, how enterprises can set deterministic guardrails around agent behavior, and why computer use could simultaneously extend the life of legacy software and accelerate the arrival of new AI-native applications. Looking ahead, they make the case for a more proactive and fluid relationship with computers, where agents work in the background, collaborate with users in real time, and increasingly adapt to us rather than requiring us to learn how to use them.

Can a 10-person startup outperform a company with hundreds of employees? Box CEO Aaron Levie argues AI agents are giving small teams a level of leverage that simply wasn't economically possible before, creating a window for startups to outrun incumbents. In this episode of Speedrun Office Hours, Aaron explains why founders are shifting from doing the work themselves to orchestrating agents, and why that puts a new premium on strategy, taste, and knowing exactly what to build. He makes the case that nearly every industry and job function could support specialized AI agents, potentially creating hundreds of new billion-dollar companies. They also discuss why enterprise AI may capture much of the next wave of model improvements, how dramatically cheaper AI labor could unlock demand that doesn't exist today, and one thing Aaron thinks AI won't change: distribution. If you build it, they still won't necessarily come.