Whether you call them traditional foods, native ingredients, bush tucker or something else, what’s harvested here is unique. Australia’s a “megadiverse” country, home to around 700,000 species. 65,000-year-old grindstones found in a Kakadu rock shelter reflect the long, rich history of First Nations foods here and many plants are nutritional wonders – Kakadu plum has the highest vitamin C level in the world and even Captain Cook used Warrigal greens to save crews from scurvy. But witchetty grubs appear in Sweden’s Disgusting Food Museum and native ingredients are largely absent from supermarkets, so are First Nations foods misunderstood and unfairly overlooked? In this episode, Lee Tran Lam talks to proud Bundjalung woman and cookbook author Mindy Woods, Chinese Australian chef Kylie Kwong and proud Mbabaram woman/Torres Strait Islander and nutritionist Sharna Motlap.

From Persian blue salt to Murray River pink salt and every colour in between, sodium chloride has been essential for millennia. The Great Wall of China was funded by a salt tax and hunger for this mineral has led to revolutions in India and France. Salt is so versatile, it can melt ice on roads, clean wounds and repel slugs from your home. Chefs tell us to season generously with salt and our bodies also need this staple to function. But health experts say we’re eating way too much of it. How do we get that balance right? In this episode, Lee Tran Lam talks to salt-maker Alice Laing, restaurateurs Dylan Jones and Tomoya Kawasaki, and health director Peter Breadon.

For thousands of years, we’ve used olive oil for everything: from lighting lamps to chasing bugs out of our ears. In Australia, the oldest olive trees – planted 200 years ago – are still alive today. Olive oil was pressed by monks in Western Australia and inmates in Adelaide in the 1800s – but until recently, you could only find this fuel in pharmacies. It was considered an earache treatment, not a cooking essential. Migrants from the Mediterranean made it a mainstream Australian pantry ingredient and today, celebrities claim olive oil shots will do wonders for your health. But what is this prized ingredient really capable of? In this episode, Lee Tran Lam talks to chef Ibrahim Kasif, olive oil sommelier Sarah Asciutto and dietitian Dr Evangeline Mantzioris.

Not that long ago, butter had its health-villain era. Margarine reigned and fridges were stocked with ‘I Can’t Believe It’s Not Butter’ and alternative dairy spreads. But in recent times, we’ve seen tech-bros ‘biohack’ their coffee with butter, and butter boards and butter sculptures leave a sunny glow on social media. Is there a scientific basis for this change in dietary trends? And what about the cultural role of butter, beyond health fads and online virality? In this episode, Lee Tran Lam talks to baker Anu Haran, butter-maker Pierre Issa and food and nutrition scientist Dr Emma Beckett.

Is soy “the most dangerous food for men?” This question was posed by a viral Men’s Health article and, like the #soyboy insult, it plays into modern fears that soybeans emasculate bodies. But is there any scientific validity to this online panic? And does it tell the full story about this crop known as ‘green gold’ – and how it’s shaped cuisines across the world? In this episode, Lee Tran Lam talks to restaurateur Yoora Yoon, chef Jung Eun Chae, cookbook author Tony Tan and dietitian Dr Evangeline Mantzioris.

In 18th-century France, the royal pharmacist treated Marie-Antoinette’s headaches with chocolate. This sweet even appeared in European hospital prescriptions! Medicinal use of chocolate goes back thousands of years: its main ingredient, cacao, was used to treat snake bites by ancient Mesoamerican societies, for instance. Today, we see headlines about chocolate supposedly being a health food – but is it really? And can blocks and bars be a platform for good in other ways? In this episode, Lee Tran Lam talks to nutrition expert Saman Khalesi, chef Juan Carlos Negrete Lopez and proud Wiradjuri woman and chocolatier Fiona Harrison.

It can be tricky trying to consume the ‘right things’, and the forces that shape our diets go far beyond what’s supposedly ‘good for us’. On the second season of Should You Really Eat That?, Lee Tran Lam continues to untangle the cultural, social and nutritional confusion around the staples in our diet – with the help of chefs, dietitians and other guests. On the menu this season are chocolate, soy, butter, olive oil, salt and Indigenous ingredients.

Our taste for seafood goes back a long time. We’ve been snacking on shellfish for more than 100,000 years. And the foods we gather from the ocean (whether it’s mussels or seaweed) are typically loaded with nutrients. But today, people might reconsider these staples because of environmental, ethical or health concerns – so should you limit your consumption of ingredients that are hauled from the sea? In this episode Lee Tran Lam speaks with chefs Ben Shewry and Chris Jordan, as well as Dr Evangeline Mantzioris.

Our love of cheese is so vast, it can be plotted across the planet. From Gorgonzola in Italy to Oaxaca in Mexico, many places are famous for their wedges and wheels. But can you go overboard with a cheese board? And what if you don’t eat dairy at all? Lee Tran Lam wheys it all up with cheesemaker Giuseppe Minoia, chef Shannon Martinez and dietitian Dr Evangeline Mantzioris.

Around the world, people drink coffee – whether it’s sweetened with condensed milk in Vietnam or spiced with cinnamon in Mexico. It powers us through our workdays, deadlines and boring office meetings. Maybe that’s why it’s the most socially acceptable drug we consume – but is there a limit to how much we should have or what it can really do?