Concept Talk

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प्रिय श्रोताओं,   'कॉन्सेप्ट टॉक' श्रृंखला के इस वीडियो में डॉ. विकास दिव्यकीर्ति ने धर्मनिरपेक्षता व पंथनिरपेक्षता (Secularism) से जुड़े सभी पक्षों पर विस्तृत चर्चा की है। वीडियो की अवधि 5 घंटे से ज़्यादा की है और शायद इसे एक बार में देखना आसान नहीं होगा, किंतु हमें विश्वास है कि इसे ठीक से सुनने और नोट्स बना लेने के बाद आप सामान्य अध्ययन, निबंध और इंटरव्यू में धर्मनिरपेक्षता से जुड़े किसी भी प्रश्न का उत्तर आसानी से दे सकेंगे। इतना ही नहीं, अपने घर-परिवार और आस-पड़ोस में इस मुद्दे पर होने वाली रोज़मर्रा की बहसों में भी आप कायदे की बात कर सकेंगे।  इस वीडियो के विभिन्न भाग निम्नलिखित हैं। आप अपनी सुविधा से इसे विभिन्न भागों में बाँटकर देख सकते हैं:   0:00:00 - परिचय : आरंभ से  0:07:19 - धर्म शब्द के विविध अर्थ  0:30:42 - पश्चिम में धर्मनिरपेक्षता के विकास की पृष्ठभूमि  0:56:44 - धर्मनिरपेक्षता की पश्चिमी अवधारणा  1:21:15 - राज्य और धर्म का संबंध  1:24:22 - धर्मतंत्र, धर्मप्रभावित व धर्मविरोधी राज्य  1:46:55 - धर्मनिरपेक्ष राज्य की धारणा  1:52:20 - धर्मनिरपेक्ष बनाम पंथनिरपेक्ष राज्य  2:00:33 - क्या भारत धर्मनिरपेक्ष राज्य है?  2:05:00 - भारतीय संविधान में धर्मनिरपेक्षता  2:39:00 - भारतीय राजनीतिक चिंतन और धर्मनिरपेक्षता  2:58:40 - भारतीय शासन व राजनीति में धर्मनिरपेक्षता  3:13:47 - भारतीय न्यायपालिका और धर्मनिरपेक्षता  4:22:05 - फ्राँस, अमेरिका व इंग्लैंड में धर्मनिरपेक्षता  4:43:43 - तुर्की और ईरान का उदाहरण  4:56:35 - चर्चा का सार  5:03:20 - IAS और विभिन्न PCS परीक्षाओं में अभी तक पूछे गए प्रश्नों पर चर्चा  उम्मीद है कि यह वीडियो देखकर आपकी बहुत सारी जिज्ञासाएँ संतुष्ट होंगी और बहुत कुछ नया जानने की भूख भी पैदा होगी।  यह पॉडकास्ट द्रष्टि आईएएस यूट्यूब चैनल पर प्रकाशित वीडियो से बनाया जा रहा है कृपया कमेंट्स के माध्यम से अपनी राय और सुझाव ज़रूर दीजियेगा ताकि हम विकास सर को आपकी रुचि के टॉपिक्स की जानकारी दे सकें।

प्रिय श्रोताओं,  कुछ दिन पहले डॉ. विकास दिव्यकीर्ति ने समान नागरिक संहिता के मुद्दे से जुड़ी जटिलताओं को समझाने के लिये Concept Talk सीरीज़ के अंतर्गत एक वीडियो "समान नागरिक संहिता" बनाया था जिसमें इस अवधारणा के अर्थ, ऐतिहासिक विकास, हिंदू कोड बिल विवाद आदि पर विस्तृत चर्चा की गई थी।  यह वीडियो उसी का दूसरा हिस्सा है जिसमें निम्नलिखित विषयों पर विस्तृत चर्चा की गई है :  1) भारत के अल्पसंख्यक समुदायों (मुस्लिम, ईसाई, पारसी, यहूदी) के व्यक्तिगत कानून (Personal Laws)।   2) व्यक्तिगत कानूनों से जुड़े अदालती मामले, जैसे शाह बानो, डेनियल लतीफी, शायरा बानो, शबाना हाशमी, मेरी रॉय, प्रगति वर्गीज़, जॉन वेलामत्तोम आदि।   3) सिविल कानूनों के मामले में नागालैंड, मिज़ोरम और छठी अनुसूची के जनजातीय क्षेत्रों को हासिल विशेष सुविधाएँ।   4) भारत के धर्मनिरपेक्ष सिविल कानून, जैसे गोवा सिविल कोड; स्पेशल मैरिज एक्ट, 1954; जुवेनाइल जस्टिस एक्ट, 2000 आदि।   5) अनुच्छेद 13 और धार्मिक विधियों की सुसंगति का प्रश्न (विशेषतः नरासु अप्पा माली केस में)।   6) समान नागरिक संहिता पर सही नज़रिया क्या हो सकता है?   अगर आपकी रुचि भारतीय समाज और संवैधानिक इतिहास की जटिलताओं को जानने-समझने में है तो यह वीडियो आप ही के लिये है। इसे देखिये और एक अत्यंत विवादास्पद मुद्दे पर सटीक राय बनाने की यात्रा पूरी कीजिये।   यह पॉडकास्ट द्रष्टि आईएएस यूट्यूब चैनल पर प्रकाशित वीडियो से बनाया जा रहा है हार्दिक शुभकामनाओं

प्रिय व्यूअर,  हमारे संविधान के जिन अनुच्छेदों पर सर्वाधिक विवाद होता रहा है, उनमें अनुच्छेद 44 अग्रणी महत्त्व का है जो राज्य को समान नागरिक संहिता (Uniform Civil Code) के निर्माण हेतु प्रयास करने का निर्देश देता है। आजकल समान नागरिक संहिता का मुद्दा फिर चर्चा में है क्योंकि अनुमान लगाया जा रहा है कि अनुच्छेद-370 तथा राम मंदिर मुद्दे के बाद अब केंद्र सरकार अपने इसी अंतिम वायदे पर ध्यान केंद्रित करने वाली है।  इस विषय से जुड़ी जटिलताओं को सुलझाने के उद्देश्य से विकास सर ने Concept Talk सीरीज़ के अंतर्गत एक वीडियो के माध्यम से इसके सभी पहलुओं पर प्रकाश डाला है। इसमें समान नागरिक संहिता का अर्थ, ऐतिहासिक विकास, हिंदू कोड बिल विवाद आदि पर विस्तृत चर्चा की गई है।  अगर आप सामाजिक न्याय और संवैधानिक इतिहास से जुड़े इस प्रसंग को समझने के इच्छुक हैं तो आप यह वीडियो ज़रूर देखें। उम्मीद है कि यह वीडियो देखकर आपको सामाजिक न्याय से जुड़े मुद्दों में रुचि विकसित होगी और आप सामान्य अध्ययन, निबंध तथा इंटरव्यू की दृष्टि से बेहद महत्त्वपूर्ण इस टॉपिक पर गहरा और संतुलित नज़रिया प्रस्तुत कर सकेंगे। इतना ही नहीं, अपने परिवार/समुदाय में इस मुद्दे पर होने वाली चर्चाओं में भी आप कुशल नेतृत्व कर सकेंगे।  हार्दिक शुभकामनाओं सहित, टीम दृष्टि

In this episode of Concept Talk, Dr. Vikas Divyakirti has done a detailed review of the GST Bill The podcast explanation is full of interesting examples that will help learn Economics concept with full clarity. The language of this podcast is in Hindi and are easy to understand to common. The discussion is about GST-2 (Hindi) - How GST System works? History of GST tax reforms: In 2002, NDA Finance Minister Jaswant Singh appointed two committees (on direct and indirect taxes, both headed by Vijay Kelkar) and from 2003 it was being toyed upon (what can we do in terms of tax reforms). Empowered committee of Finance Ministers of states (EC, formed in 2000) was asked about the reforms as the Kelkar committee clearly recommended moving to a system of goods and service tax (GST). In 2006, Finance Minister Chidambaram (UPA) took the matter forward on GST and said that from 1 April 2010 the plan was to introduce a uniform GST. Only then some serious work began on GST. By 2009, a proposal draft bill was floated and EC considered it. 115th Constitutional amendment bill was introduced and standing committee on Finance studied it. This was a long process. EC considered many changes. By 2014, it was in Lok Sabha but the Lok Sabha was dissolved. This bill lapsed. The new government (Modi goveernment, NDA) sent bill to Empowered Committee and December 2014 the amended bill was in Lok Sabha. The problem was to be in Rajya Sabha. May 2016- Lok Sabha passed it. Rajya Sabha sent it to Select Committee, considered it and suggested some changes as a condition for its passage. Rajya Sabha passed the GST bill on 3 August 2016 but with amendments (as disagreements remained between government and opposition). This was the fourth time that Rajya Sabha passed a bill with amendments in Indian parliamentary history. The talk on GST also goes in the history of politics of Rajiv Gandhi, role of Rajya Sabha in polity, Anti-defection law , reduction in voting age (from 21 to 18 years) , Panchayati Raj and Nagarpalika amndments etc. On 8 August 2016, Lok Sabha passed the GST bill with amendments. Then came the role of Article 368 where concurrence of half of state legislatures (currently 16 states) is needed for a constitutional amendment. Assam and Bihar were the first to pass the GST in state legislatures. By first week of September 2016, sixteen state legislatures (16th being Rajasthan) of India agreed to it. On 8 September 2016, President of India assented to it and GST became a law (101st constitutional amendment). Central government implemented GST beginning 12 September and all provisions were not implemented in one go. GST Council was formed first as within one year, all contrary state laws would lapse. 16 September 2017 was when government implemented the whole act. The talk also discusses the composition scheme of GST, meanings and needs of various slabs and other ingredients of the Goods and service tax (GST). The video will be helpful to students of Economics (सामान्य अध्ययन प्रमुख परीक्षा) who want to understand the topic and also to traders and others who need some help for understanding it for filing GST. Credit of this concept talk goes to Drishti IAS youtube channel. Official You Tube Channel of Drishti IAS - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzLqOSZPtUKrmSEnlH4LAvw Thank You So Much🙏🙏 - Special Thanks To - Dr. Vikas Divyakriti & Team Drishti IAS. I request Drishti IAS Team if they find any problem with the content, please inform us on this mail id. email: [email protected]

In this episode of Concept Talk, Dr. Vikas Divyakirti has done a detailed review of the GST Bill The podcast explanation is full of interesting examples that will help learn Economics concept with full clarity. The language of this podcast is in Hindi and are easy to understand to common. The discussion is about GST-2 (Hindi) - How GST System works? GST FEATURES- COMPREHENSIVE, MULTI-STAGE, VALUE-ADDED, DESTINATION BASED TAX GST is an indirect tax which has certain characteristics: it is comprehensive, multi-stage tax (such as purchase, production, warehousing, sale), value-added tax and destination based tax. These four phrases contain the synopsis of GST needed for general studies syllabus. If you are plainly asked about GST, these four features should suffice your definitional purpose of GST in Economics General studies or Interview or an essay on GST. GST is obviously needed for indirect taxes (as not much problem exists with respect to collection of taxes in Direct tax).Dr. Vikas goes on to explain how GST is comprehensive, how it subsumes the various taxes at various levels (some products like Petroleum attract no GST) This talk is full of humor and interesting explanations and anecdotes (like that of Rajiv Gandhi, Devilal etc going in full history and evolution of tax regime)for a simpler understanding of economic concepts. Credit of this concept talk goes to Drishti IAS youtube channel. Official You Tube Channel of Drishti IAS - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzLqOSZPtUKrmSEnlH4LAvw Thank You So Much🙏🙏 - Special Thanks To - Dr. Vikas Divyakriti & Team Drishti IAS. I request Drishti IAS Team if they find any problem with the content, please inform us on this mail id. email: [email protected]

In this episode of Concept Talk, Dr. Vikas Divyakirti has done a detailed review of the GST Bill The podcast explanation is full of interesting examples that will help learn Economics concept with full clarity. The language of this podcast is in Hindi and are easy to understand to common. The discussion is about UNDERTANDING GST- WHY IS IT NEEDED ? Dr. Vikas Divyakirti (in part one of the 3-part video)explains why GST is needed. First it is important to understand why it was brought in the first place. What is GST comes later in order. It is indeed the biggest financial reform, he says, in India since independence. To explain the economics concepts clearly, he explains the direct taxes, indirect taxes, taxes levied/collected by states, centre, local taxes and so on (the whole nine yards of tax system in India). Simplifying the process, he even illustrates the concept of taxes with the glass in the classroom. He goes into details of Federalism particularly the division of powers between centre and states to explain the context of tax administration in India and the role of centre and states in Indian governance. The white board used in the video also contains all the notes about the GST being taught in the class. The concept of value added tax (VAT) and the history of tax administration in India (along with global examples from Europe, Africa) is also discussed for a holistic understanding. A very problematic area without the GST is that people were paying tax on taxes paid because of the ‘cascading’ nature of the tax system. Value Added Tax is a precursor to GST (VAT started in France and most of Europe shifted to it). VAT may not lead to GST but GST needs VAT; so the tax reforms are a sort of progression. With the VAT regime, there used to be a competition among states to have lower VAT rates to attract customers from nearby states (example: Delhites would go to Gurgaon to shop, if needed). Note: - The sole purpose of using it is to encourage people towards education and the use of the content used in this concept talk is not to offend anyone. Credit of this concept talk goes to Drishti IAS youtube channel. Official You Tube Channel of Drishti IAS - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzLqOSZPtUKrmSEnlH4LAvw Thank You So Much🙏🙏 - Special Thanks To - Dr. Vikas Divyakriti & Team Drishti IAS. I request Drishti IAS Team if they find any problem with the content, please inform us on this mail id. email: [email protected]

In this episode of Concept Talk, Dr. Vikas Divyakirti has done a detailed review of the three agricultural laws passed by Parliament in September 2020. Will these laws survive in the Supreme Court in terms of constitutionalism; What is APMC and MSP and what is the dispute on these; What can be the proper solution to this deadlock - all these questions are discussed in this. The discussion is about Farm Laws 2020: Are these acts constitutionally valid? Note: - The sole purpose of using it is to encourage people towards education and the use of the content used in this concept talk is not to offend anyone Credit of this concept talk goes to Drishti IAS youtube channel. Official You Tube Channel of Drishti IAS - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzLqOSZPtUKrmSEnlH4LAvw Thank You So Much🙏🙏 - Special Thanks To - Dr. Vikas Divyakriti, Mr. Amrit Upadhyay Sir & Team Drishti IAS. I request Drishti IAS Team if they find any problem with the content, please inform us on this mail id. email: [email protected]

In this episode of Concept Talk, Dr. Vikas Divyakirti has done a detailed review of the three agricultural laws passed by Parliament in September 2020. Will these laws survive in the Supreme Court in terms of constitutionalism; What is APMC and MSP and what is the dispute on these; What can be the proper solution to this deadlock - all these questions are discussed in this. The discussion is about Farm Laws 2020 Act-3 : The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2020 Note: - The sole purpose of using it is to encourage people towards education and the use of the content used in this concept talk is not to offend anyone Credit of this concept talk goes to Drishti IAS youtube channel. Official You Tube Channel of Drishti IAS - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzLqOSZPtUKrmSEnlH4LAvw Thank You So Much🙏🙏 - Special Thanks To - Dr. Vikas Divyakriti, Mr. Amrit Upadhyay & Team Drishti IAS. I request Drishti IAS Team if they find any problem with the content, please inform us on this mail id. email: [email protected]

In this episode of Concept Talk, Dr. Vikas Divyakirti has done a detailed review of the three agricultural laws passed by Parliament in September 2020. Will these laws survive in the Supreme Court in terms of constitutionalism; What is APMC and MSP and what is the dispute on these; What can be the proper solution to this deadlock - all these questions are discussed in this. The discussion is about Farm Laws 2020 Act-2 : MSP Act : The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020 Note: - The sole purpose of using it is to encourage people towards education and the use of the content used in this concept talk is not to offend anyone Credit of this concept talk goes to Drishti IAS youtube channel. Official You Tube Channel of Drishti IAS - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzLqOSZPtUKrmSEnlH4LAvw Thank You So Much🙏🙏 -  Special Thanks To - Dr. Vikas Divyakriti, Mr. Amrit Upadhyay & Team Drishti IAS. I request Drishti IAS Team if they find any problem with the content, please inform us on this mail id. email: [email protected]