Despite two centuries of technological progress, Clausewitz’s concept of friction remains a vital analytical lens for warfighting in the age of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. This article interprets friction in the context of cognition, focusing on algorithms and human-machine miscommunication to address the gap between educational practice and officers’ preparation for operational reality.»» TDHJ ««» patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thedefencehorizon » donate: https://tdhj.org/about/#donation»» HOME ««» https://tdhj.org/ »» SOCIAL MEDIA ««» X (formerly Twitter): https://x.com/HorizonDefence » Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thedefencehorizon.org » Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thedefencehorizonjournal/ » LinkedIn: The Defence Horizon Journal