In this episode of The Content Coalition, we interview Joe Fier, Co-Host at Hustle & Flowchart Podcast - one of the quickest growing digital marketing shows with hundreds of industry-leading guest interviews. Joe is passionate about blending digital marketing with podcasting. Along with his partner, Matt Wolfe, they advise and partner with podcasters to help with discoverability and exponentially better monetization. Tune in  as Joe shares his simple but effective ways to get amazing guests for your show, some of the best practices to leverage your audience for monetization, and how to grow your audience and acquire new listeners to tune in to your podcast __________________ This episode is sponsored by Hustle & Flowchart Podcast. "The Hustle & Flowchart Podcast with Matt Wolfe & Joe Fier" CLICK here to check them out! __________________ In this episode: [02:46] Joe shares the backstory on how he started Hustle & Flowchart Podcast with his co-host  [04:14] Discover the strategies to get “top tier” guests and how to create your own “dream 100” [08:33] How they’re using  Dennis Yu’s “dollar day strategy” for Facebook ads [10:29] Learn how you can leverage your podcast audience as part of a “sponsorship package” [13:32] Some of the best practices to plug an ad to your podcast [15:04] Joe shares how they repurpose their content and turned it into an episode in Hustle & Flowshorts [19:16] Learn how Joe acquires new listeners for his show [21:53] 1 thing to implement in the next 48 hours     Links/Resources mentioned: http://hustleandflowchart.com/content https://www.clickmagick.com/  https://oldpodcast.com/ https://www.headliner.app/ https://evergreenprofits.com/ https://evergreenprofits.com/hustle-and-flowshorts/ https://www.reddit.com https://mail.google.com Connect with Joe: https://www.facebook.com/joefier https://www.instagram.com/joefier/ https://www.twitter.com/joefier __________________ Shaina Weisinger is the host of The Content Coalition, and founder and CEO of Repurpose House which repurposes your content into unlimited videos and images. Shaina is on a mission to show content creators the untapped potential and repurposing power of the content they already have. Connect with Shaina: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shainaweisinger https://www.facebook.com/shainaweisinger https://www.instagram.com/shainaweisinger/   Connect with Repurpose House: https://www.RepurposeHouse.com https://www.facebook.com/RepurposeHouseCo/ https://www.instagram.com/RepurposeHouseCo Check out the episode page at 029.thecontentcoalition.com  I accept responsibility that all information shared in the video or audio is opinion, factual and accurate to the best of my knowledge.

In this episode of The Content Coalition, we interview John Parkes, VP of Web Traffic at ClickFunnels - an online sales funnel builder that helps businesses market, sell, and deliver their products online. John has been a coach and stage presenter to thousands of marketers looking to up their Facebook ads game. He runs the entire organic and paid traffic teams at ClickFunnels as well as some other side projects and dominates the markets he jumps into. Tune in as John dissects his strategies step by step for acquiring and retargeting prospects, and shared hacks and tools that you can use to amp up your game in advertising especially on Facebook. _________________ This episode is sponsored by ClickFunnels. Enabling People To Grow Their Companies Through Sales Funnels. CLICK here to check them out! _________________ In this episode: [01:41] John’s backstory before he started working at ClickFunnels and how he learned to run ads [06:15] Learn John’s strategies that are currently working in advertising [08:00] John’s “set it and forget it” formula for retargeting prospects [12:08] What type of messaging should be placed in the ads [13:08] How to evoke emotion for a free product on an ad [14:50] Russell’s amazing concept that you can do to promote your product  [17:15] The art of baking the content into the ad or in the sales page to shorten the sales journey [20:03] John’s simple hack to know what you’ll say in an ad if you have blog posts [20:33] What goes into John’s omni-channel marketing strategy [22:10] A nifty tool to track revenue attribution [24:15] The power of the “breakdown” tab on Facebook ads [26:25]  1 thing to implement in the next 48 hours   Links/Resources mentioned: https://expertsecrets.com/ https://www.wickedreports.com/ Connect with John: https://www.facebook.com/johnoparkes  https://twitter.com/johnparkes52  https://www.linkedin.com/in/jparkes  https://www.instagram.com/johnoparkes/ Connect with ClickFunnels: https://www.clickfunnels.com/ https://www.facebook.com/clickfunnels http://www.onefunnelaway.com/ _________________ Shaina Weisinger is the host of The Content Coalition, and founder and CEO of Repurpose House which repurposes your content into unlimited videos and images. Shaina is on a mission to show content creators the untapped potential and repurposing power of the content they already have. Connect with Shaina: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shainaweisinger https://www.facebook.com/shainaweisinger https://www.instagram.com/shainaweisinger/   Connect with Repurpose House: https://www.RepurposeHouse.com https://www.facebook.com/RepurposeHouseCo/ https://www.instagram.com/RepurposeHouseCo Check out the episode page at 028.thecontentcoalition.com  I accept responsibility that all information shared in the video or audio is opinion, factual and accurate to the best of my knowledge.

In this episode of The Content Coalition, we interview Purna Virji, Senior Manager of Global Engagement at Microsoft, an American multinational technology company. Purna specializes in digital marketing, AI, and the future of search. In 2016 she was named by PPC Hero as the #1 Most Influential Expert in the world. She is a regular keynote speaker at conferences across the globe such as AdWeek, DMEXCO, The Next Web Conference and INBOUND. An award-winning former journalist, Purna is also a columnist for Search Engine Land and Moz. Tune in as Purna shares some strategies that you can do to enhance customer experience in advertising, busting PPC myths, voice search, and much more. _________________ This episode is sponsored by Repurpose House. Get more leads with your existing content by turning it into unlimited videos & images. CLICK here to check them out! _________________ In this episode: [01:43] Purna’s humble beginnings before she started at Microsoft [04:05] Discover why integrating bots to marketing engagement is essential for your audience [06:34] How to integrate voice into the digital era [10:00] Learn how you can improve customer experience [11:47] The 3 questions to ask yourself on how to improve your ads  [14:30] How to reduce clutter due to overwhelming marketing platforms [17:05] Purna busted some PPC myths on retargeting campaigns... (like Broad Match) [20:50] 1 thing to implement in the next 48 hours [24:23] Shaina’s thoughts on live captions   Links/Resources mentioned: https://about.ads.microsoft.com/en-us https://ads.google.com https://www.bing.com/ Microsoft’s Accessibility Checker   Connect with Purna: https://twitter.com/purnavirji https://www.linkedin.com/in/purnavirji/ _________________  Shaina Weisinger is the host of The Content Coalition, and founder and CEO of Repurpose House which repurposes your content into unlimited videos and images. Shaina is on a mission to show content creators the untapped potential and repurposing power of the content they already have. Connect with Shaina: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shainaweisinger https://www.facebook.com/shainaweisinger https://www.instagram.com/shainaweisinger/   Connect with Repurpose House: https://www.RepurposeHouse.com https://www.facebook.com/RepurposeHouseCo/ https://www.instagram.com/RepurposeHouseCo Check out the episode page at 027.thecontentcoalition.com    I accept responsibility that all information shared in the video or audio is opinion, factual and accurate to the best of my knowledge.

In this episode of The Content Coalition, we interview Joanna Wiebe, CEO of Copyhackers, a company of copywriting for startups and marketers. Joanna is also the Copy Chief at CH Agency. Thousands of students take her training, and she’s been invited to teach conversion copywriting to a world of marketers at events like Conversions @ Google, CXL Live, Mozcon and INBOUND. Tune in as Joanna shares some of the best practices in copywriting to make sure that your content stands out from the crowd, and a bright idea on how you can find your copy through Amazon reviews. ____________________ This episode is sponsored by Repurpose House. Get more leads with your existing content by turning it into unlimited videos & images. CLICK here to check them out! ____________________ In this episode: [01:55] Joanna’s journey before Copyhackers and how copywriting became her business [05:03] Learn the different types of copywriting - especially in the world of marketing [06:43] The common pitfalls and mistakes when creating copy  [09:29] Joanna demystifies some common practices in copywriting that don’t really convert [13:05] Joanna shares super specific examples of ridiculous, stellar headlines that you can do [17:06] How they used Amazon to do something called “review mining” to find your copy [22:27] Learn the best practices you can do off the cuff on writing landing pages  [29:27] 1 thing to implement in the next 48 hours   Links/Resources mentioned: https://www.amazon.com/ https://copyhackers.com/copywriting-tutorial/ https://copyhackers.com/2015/10/copywriting-formula/ https://copyhackers.com/2014/10/amazon-review-mining/   Connect with Joanna https://twitter.com/copyhackers https://ca.linkedin.com/in/jwiebe   Connect with Copyhackers https://copyhackers.com/ https://www.facebook.com/CopyHackers/ ____________________     Shaina Weisinger is the host of The Content Coalition, and founder and CEO of Repurpose House which repurposes your content into unlimited videos and images. Shaina is on a mission to show content creators the untapped potential and repurposing power of the content they already have. Connect with Shaina: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shainaweisinger https://www.facebook.com/shainaweisinger https://www.instagram.com/shainaweisinger/   Connect with Repurpose House: https://www.RepurposeHouse.com https://www.facebook.com/RepurposeHouseCo/ https://www.instagram.com/RepurposeHouseCo Check out the episode page at 026.thecontentcoalition.com    I accept responsibility that all information shared in the video or audio is opinion, factual and accurate to the best of my knowledge.

  In this episode of The Content Coalition, we interview Emeric Ernoult, Co-founder & CEO of Agorapulse, a Paris-based Social Media Management Software. Emeric is a serial entrepreneur with 20 years of experience in social media and Saas. As a social media marketing pioneer, Emeric has advised well-known international brands such as Virgin, FIA, and Microsoft - among others. Tune in as Emeric shares his entrepreneurial journey of building up Agorapulse from zero to $49,000 monthly recurring revenue in the early days, how their various content marketing initiatives drive growth into their business, and why you should adopt a ‘long-term’ mindset for your content marketing strategy. _________________  This episode is sponsored by Agorapulse. Managing social media has never been easier. CLICK HERE to check them out! _________________  In this episode: [01:35] Emeric’s SaaS journey and his early business endeavors [04:23] Learn the 3-year struggle and pivots of Agorapulse to earn $49,000 MRR [07:55] Why success is a sum of many good little pivots  [09:45] A brief rundown on what Agorapulse is and what sets it apart from Hootsuite or other competitors [11:04] What makes content ‘successful’ on social media  [13:34] Learn the content marketing initiative that drove Agorapulse from zero to $1M [17:58] Emerci shares the omni-channel content marketing strategy of Agorapulse [20:36] Why you should intentionally think long term on your content marketing strategy  [24:53] Emeric shares how expensive it is to track data for your campaigns [28:03] 1 thing to implement in the next 48 hours   Links/Resources mentioned: https://hootsuite.com/ https://www.drift.com/ https://www.hubspot.com/ Connect with Emeric: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ernoult/ https://twitter.com/eernoult https://www.f/acebook.com/emeric.ernoult https://www.instagram.com/emericernoult/ Connect with Agorapulse: http://www.agorapulse.com/ https://www.facebook.com/Agorapulse/ https://twitter.com/agorapulse https://www.instagram.com/agorapulse/ https://www.youtube.com/user/AgoraPulse4Facebook   Shaina Weisinger is the host of The Content Coalition, and founder and CEO of Repurpose House which repurposes your content into unlimited videos and images. Shaina is on a mission to show content creators the untapped potential and repurposing power of the content they already have. Connect with Shaina: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shainaweisinger https://www.facebook.com/shainaweisinger https://www.instagram.com/shainaweisinger/   Connect with Repurpose House: https://www.RepurposeHouse.com https://www.facebook.com/RepurposeHouseCo/ https://www.instagram.com/RepurposeHouseCo Check out the episode page at 025.thecontentcoalition.com    I accept responsibility that all information shared in the video or audio is opinion, factual and accurate to the best of my knowledge.

In this episode of The Content Coalition, we interview Marieke van de Rakt, CEO of Yoast, a search-optimization firm based in Wijchen, Netherlands. It develops and supports a popular Yoast SEO WordPress plugin that had over 5 million active installations. Marieke manages Yoast Academy’s marketing and project teams. In addition to that, she loves to write about SEO. Her expertise lies in content SEO and site structure.  Tune in as Marieke shares the benefits of installing Yoast plugin to your website, demystifies the SEO myths that have been plaguing the ads, and her list of things to do in order for your site to rank high on Google.  _________________  This episode is sponsored by Repurpose House. Get more leads with your existing content by turning it into unlimited videos & images. CLICK HERE to check them out! _________________ In this episode: [01:35] Marieke’s “Yoast” journey and how she got involved in the business  [03:04] The difference between Yoast’s Free plugin and their Premium offering [04:05] Marieke busts the myth that it is very easy to rank #1 on search [10:05] Yoast’s new video plugin and why it’s super relevant for content creators [11:57] Marieke shares details about their Online SEO Training platform called Yoast Academy  [16:34] The exact steps to rank higher on Google[19:14] Marieke’s recommended keyword research tools to use [21:20] 1 actionable thing to implement in the next 48 hours   Links/Resources mentioned: https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/ https://yoast.com/academy/ https://translate.google.com/ http://trends.google.com https://moz.com/explorer   Connect with Yoast: https://yoast.com/ https://twitter.com/yoast https://www.facebook.com/yoast/ https://www.instagram.com/yoast/   Connect with Marieke: https://twitter.com/mariekerakt https://marieke.blog/ https://www.instagram.com/mgarakt/ https://www.facebook.com/mariekerakt https://www.linkedin.com/in/mariekerakt/ _________________ Shaina Weisinger is the host of The Content Coalition, and founder and CEO of Repurpose House which repurposes your content into unlimited videos and images. Shaina is on a mission to show content creators the untapped potential and repurposing power of the content they already have. Connect with Shaina: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shainaweisinger https://www.facebook.com/shainaweisinger https://www.instagram.com/shainaweisinger/   Connect with Repurpose House: https://www.RepurposeHouse.com https://www.facebook.com/RepurposeHouseCo/ https://www.instagram.com/RepurposeHouseCo Check out the episode page at 024.thecontentcoalition.com    I accept responsibility that all information shared in the video or audio is opinion, factual and accurate to the best of my knowledge.

Shaina Weisinger is the Founder and CEO of Repurpose House. She is also the host of this awesome video podcast, The Content Coalition! Repurpose House turns long-form content into optimized videos and images for high engagement social media strategies. Our mission is to show marketers the full potential of their content by turning blogs, videos, and podcasts into shareable video and images for every social media platform. In this special episode of The Content Coalition, Sarah Guidas, COO of Repurpose House, challenged Shaina to share 19 social media strategies that are small but implementable in 19 minutes. It’s one hell of a challenge,but tune in until the end of the video to learn all the 19 social media strategies that you can do to optimize your social media strategy and see if Shaina made in just 19 minutes! __________________________  This episode is sponsored by Repurpose House. Get more leads with your existing content by turning it into unlimited videos & images. CLICK HERE to check them out! __________________________ In this episode: [02:45] Using LinkTree to your Instagram bio to show multiple links to your profile  [03:53] Why you should use Square instead of Landscape for video and images on social media [05:07] Make sure to use Landscape images on Twitter [06:30] Captions. Captions. Captions. and why it’s super important [07:32] Utilizing a previous blog post and repurpose as a LinkedIn article [08:15] How you can take advantage of LinkedIn groups [09:23] Tag people who are in your content. Cross promotion matters! [10:14] Only use seven hashtags on your Instagram posts [10:45] Why invest in a scheduling tool for your social media posts like  [10:29] Never post the same thing on all your social media profiles [15:31] Use apps that will allow videos to go live for more than 1 minute on IG stories [17:58] Facebook ad thumbnail matters and how you can use Facebook Overlay Tool [19:31] How to optimize your Instagram copy [20:44] The 18-minute lifespan of a Twitter post and how you can make the most out of it [21:45] Get engaged with Facebook groups [23:03] Post images with body parts (it performs better) [23:58] Organize your YouTube content using Playlists [25:18] Repurpose the content you already created and utilize it on social media   Link/Resources mentioned: https://linktr.ee/ https://mavsocial.com/ https://apps.apple.com/us/app/continual-for-instagram/id1162149611 https://www.facebook.com/ads/tools/text_overlay https://moz.com/blog/when-is-my-tweets-prime-of-life __________________________ Shaina Weisinger is the host of The Content Coalition, and founder and CEO of Repurpose House which repurposes your content into unlimited videos and images. Shaina is on a mission to show content creators the untapped potential and repurposing power of the content they already have. Connect with Shaina: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shainaweisinger https://www.facebook.com/shainaweisinger https://www.instagram.com/shainaweisinger/   Connect with Repurpose House: https://www.RepurposeHouse.com https://www.facebook.com/RepurposeHouseCo/ https://www.instagram.com/RepurposeHouseCo Check out the episode page at 023.thecontentcoalition.com    I accept responsibility that all information shared in the video or audio is opinion, factual and accurate to the best of my knowledge.

In this episode of The Content Coalition, we interview Joshua Marsden, Owner of CVO Acceleration, a marketing agency that helps E-Commerce companies scale by helping them overcome their bandwidth and marketing challenges by providing a marketing team focused on helping to reach their online sales performance goals. Joshua is an MBA graduate, author, and founder of CVO Acceleration Performance Marketing Agency. You can find his book, Facebook Advertising Trends and Strategies for E-Commerce 2019 Edition on Amazon and on his website. He’s been able to be in various media outlets and blogs, including Entrepreneur on Fire, SuperFast Business, The Huffington Post, DigitalMarketer.com, BigCommerce.com, and more. In addition, Joshua’s been on stage at DigitalMarketer’s Traffic and Conversion Summit several times. Tune in as Joshua shares the secrets to make your podcast work and how e-commerce businesses can leverage the power of podcasting and broaden your product’s reach and create raving fans. __________________ This episode is sponsored by Podcast Websites. Taking Care of the Tech. CLICK HERE to check them out. __________________ In this episode: [00:56] Joshua’s beginnings and how he started CVO Acceleration Performance Marketing Agency [05:41] The e-commerce businesses who are standing out on podcasting  [06:49] Shaina’s thoughts on why Dave Asprey’s podcast “Bulletproof Radio” is a perfect example of a podcast for an ecommerce business [08:00] Joshua shares his ‘things to do’ before starting a podcast [10:10] Joshua’s must listen podcast shows  [10:38] How you can reach out to Joshua for help   Links/Resources mentioned: https://blog.bulletproof.com/category/podcasts/ https://www.klaviyo.com/ https://keap.com/infusionsoft https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/build-your-utopia/id935594647   Connect with Joshua: https://www.instagram.com/joshuaamarsden/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/joshmarsden/  https://twitter.com/CVOAcceleration   Connect with CVO Acceleration: https://cvoacceleration.com/ https://www.facebook.com/cvoacceleration/ https://www.linkedin.com/company/ice-accelerate-marketing-automation-services/ _________________ Shaina Weisinger is the host of The Content Coalition, and founder and CEO of Repurpose House which repurposes your content into unlimited videos and images. Shaina is on a mission to show content creators the untapped potential and repurposing power of the content they already have.   Connect with Shaina: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shainaweisinger https://www.facebook.com/shainaweisinger https://www.instagram.com/shainaweisinger/ Connect with Repurpose House: https://www.RepurposeHouse.com https://www.facebook.com/RepurposeHouseCo/ https://www.instagram.com/RepurposeHouseCo Check out the episode page at 022.thecontentcoalition.com I accept responsibility that all information shared in the video or audio is opinion, factual and accurate to the best of my knowledge.

In this episode of The Content Coalition, we interview Caylin White, Head Marketing Buff at WP Buffs, a 24/7 WordPress website maintenance service for serious website owners and white-label partners. Caylin is all things marketing & growth, #WordPress, influencer marketing, artistry, organic lifestyle, a gamer chick, blogger, and positive vibes. She’s been featured on HubSpot, WPMRR and also runs the bufftastic webinars in WP Buffs. Tune in as Caylin shares how you can stay current with the latest trends in marketing and how you can differentiate your content to stand out in whatever industry you’re in. ________________ This episode is sponsored by WP Buffs. 24/7 WordPress websites maintenance. CLICK HERE to check them out. ________________ In this episode: [03:50] Discover the #1 strategy to balance a high volume sales career mentallly and emotionally [04:28] Caylin’s humble beginnings at WP Buffs and what they do   [07:01] How to stay ahead of the curve with constant change in WordPress [10:10] How to stay current with constantly changing marketing trends, and where to gain your insight [11:30] The process to make your sales and marketing more customer-centric [15:34] The #1 proven way to differentiate yourself from the competition when it comes to content marketing [18:30] 1 actionable thing to implement in the next 48 hours [20:15] Why you need Darren Hardy’s “Living Your Best Year Ever” journal to implement habits that will change your life   Link/Resources mentioned: https://wpmrr.com/podcast/ https://www.hubspot.com/ https://wordpress.com/ https://slack.com https://www.amazon.com/Living-Your-Best-Year-Ever/dp/B00696HSQI   Connect with WP Buffs: https://wpbuffs.com/ https://twitter.com/thewpbuffs https://www.instagram.com/wpbuffs/   Connect with Caylin: https://twitter.com/cbcinked https://www.instagram.com/cbcinked/ https://cbcinked.wordpress.com/ ________________ Shaina Weisinger is the host of The Content Coalition, and founder and CEO of Repurpose House which repurposes your content into unlimited videos and images. Shaina is on a mission to show content creators the untapped potential and repurposing power of the content they already have. Connect with Shaina: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shainaweisinger https://www.facebook.com/shainaweisinger https://www.instagram.com/shainaweisinger/   Connect with Repurpose House: https://www.RepurposeHouse.com https://www.facebook.com/RepurposeHouseCo/ https://www.instagram.com/RepurposeHouseCo Check out the episode page at 021.thecontentcoalition.com   I accept responsibility that all information shared in the video or audio is opinion, factual and accurate to the best of my knowledge.

In this episode of The Content Coalition, we interview Matt Snodgrass, Director of Marketing at MarketingProfs, a marketing training company. Matt used to work as a zookeeper, worked with the CDC on anthrax testing, and led the e-commerce charge at multiple medical device and informatics companies. After working in highly regulated industries for the first 10 years of his marketing life, he's having a lot more fun with his creativity and career as part of the MarketingProfs team. He’s a fan of board games, podcasts, gamification, and marketing research and will gladly talk with you about any of them at length. Tune in as Matt shares his team’s surprising findings from their “Marketer Happiness Report,” and learn how you can make some adjustments in your life to become a more fulfilled marketer. _________________ This episode is sponsored by Repurpose House. Get more leads with your existing content by turning it into unlimited videos & images. CLICK HERE to check them out. _________________ In this episode: [01:02] Matt’s humble beginnings from being a zookeeper to anthrax tester, to joining MarketingProfs’ powerhouse team [05:30] Learn MarketingProfs’ strategy-driven content marketing plan [06:40] Shaina’s thoughts on the “Marketer Happiness Report” and surprising stats on the report about marketers [08:48] The primary concerning stat found about marketer [11:12] The percentage of marketers who are actively engaged in learning new things [12:08] The high percentage of marketers who don’t listen to any podcasts [13:13] Discover Matt’s findings on the five dimensions of being a fulfilled marketer [16:23] Shaina’s game-changing method on how you can reach your goals with a narrow focus to avoid distractions. [20:04] The concept behind the “Marketer Happiness Report”   Link/Resources mentioned: https://www.marketingprofs.com/ https://www.marketingprofs.com/content/report/39801/2019-marketer-happiness-report https://contentmarketinginstitute.com/   Connect with Matt https://www.twitter.com/msnods https://www.linkedin.com/in/mattsnodgrass/   Connect with MarketingProfs https://twitter.com/marketingprofs https://www.instagram.com/marketingprofs/ https://www.facebook.com/marketingprofs/ https://www.linkedin.com/company/marketing-profs/ _________________   Shaina Weisinger is the host of The Content Coalition, and founder and CEO of Repurpose House which repurposes your content into unlimited videos and images. Shaina is on a mission to show content creators the untapped potential and repurposing power of the content they already have. Connect with Shaina: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shainaweisinger https://www.facebook.com/shainaweisinger https://www.instagram.com/shainaweisinger/   Connect with Repurpose House: https://www.RepurposeHouse.com https://www.facebook.com/RepurposeHouseCo/ https://www.instagram.com/RepurposeHouseCo Check out the episode page at 020.thecontentcoalition.com   I accept responsibility that all information shared in the video or audio is opinion, factual and accurate to the best of my knowledge.