Season 1 has been officially ended on a positive note and it couldn't be possible without you all who are listening to my podcast since the starting and who have joined later but continued their support towards my podcast. I was very emotional when I recorded it and the reason is "You Deserved It." I want you all to provide me feedbacks on the email id given below and who have access to Apple Podcast please leave some review there also. Your support means everything to me. I don't have enough words left to say how grateful I am to my audience. Thank You United States, India, Germany, Australia, United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Spain, Italy, France.  You can follow me on twitter where I started to post my audio tweets about "Climate Change", I hope you will like that too.  Email: [email protected]: @realyashnegiSupport the show (https://paypal.me/yashnegi27?locale.x=en_GB)

In this episode of the podcast, I have explained "Arctic Refugee Drilling" and President Biden's decision about it which came few days ago. This is the last episode of "Season 1" and I have planned something very important for the next season for audience like you. Stay Tuned!Additional Info:In 1989, the Exxon Valdez spilled 11 million gallons of oil into Alaska’s Prince William Sound. Exxon spent $2 billion trying to clean up and recovered less than 7 percent of the oil spilled. In 2010, the BP Deepwater Horizon blowout spilled up to 200 million barrels into the Gulf of Mexico. Of that, only about 8 percent was recovered or burned off. Extreme conditions—including icy waves that reach 50 feet—make response in the event of an Arctic spill even more difficult. The nearest response stations to Arctic drilling sites are located thousands of miles away. For decades, Murkowski and other Alaska politicians have seen the refuge as an extension of Prudhoe Bay, the nation’s largest oil field and the state’s aging cash cow, which has been in steady decline since 1988. In 2017, Murkowski’s daughter, Senator Lisa Murkowski (R-AK), managed to slip a provision mandating two ANWR lease sales of at least 400,000 acres each into the massive federal tax cut bill. She and the Trump Administration estimated that the oil field might ultimately generate $100 billion in revenue for the federal treasury. The financial challenges to drilling anywhere in the Arctic stem from the physical challenges—and those are increasing, thanks to fossil fuels themselves. The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet, turning rock-hard frozen permafrost into a land of lakes, sinkholes, and boggy peat in the summer. Last June, after weeks of record high temperatures that hit over 100 degrees Fahrenheit, a giant diesel fuel tank in the Siberian city of Norilsk sank into the tundra and ruptured, spilling 21,000 metric tons (157,500 barrels) of fuel—nearly half the amount spilled by the Exxon Valdez tanker off Alaska in 1989—and creating the largest spill in modern Russian history.Arctic’s abundant wildlife would be impacted by offshore drilling and a potential oil spill in the Arctic. Polar bears spend so much of their lives on the sea ice of the Arctic Ocean that they’re actually classified as marine mammals. They’re talented swimmers and spend more than half their time hunting for food—mainly seals. Walruses—and their unmistakable white tusks—are a mainstay of Arctic marine life. Belugas, the bright white whales of the Arctic, sit at the top of the food chain and play a crucial role in the ocean by distributing nutrients to phytoplankton. Ringed, ribbon, spotted, and bearded seals are collectively known as the “ice seals” and live on sea ice in the Arctic for at least part of the year. Expansion of oil and gas drilling in their habitat could be extremely damaging. Twitter:  https://twitter.com/realyashnegiWebsite: climatology.inEmail: [email protected]: Ikson - New Day (Vlog No Copyright Music) Support the show (https://paypal.me/yashnegi27?locale.x=en_GB)

In this episode of the podcast, I have explained “El Niño and La Niña.” Additional Info:El Nino means Little Boy, or Christ Child in Spanish. South American fishermen first noticed periods of unusually warm water in the Pacific Ocean in the 1600s. The full name they used was El Nino de Navidad, because El Nino typically peaks around December. El Niño episodes feature an equatorwardshifted, stronger-than-normal jet stream and wetter-than-average conditions across the southern part of the United States, and less storminess and milder-than-average conditions across the North. La Nina means Little Girl in Spanish. La Nina is also sometimes called El Viejo, anti-El Nino, or simply "a cold event." La Nina has the opposite effect of El Nino. During La Nina events, trade winds are even stronger than usual, pushing more warm water toward Asia. Off the west coast of the Americas, upwelling increases, bringing cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface.During La Nina, waters off the Pacific coast are colder and contain more nutrients than usual. This environment supports more marine life and attracts more cold-water species, like squid and salmon, to places like the California coast. El Nino also has a strong effect on marine life off the Pacific coast. During normal conditions, upwelling brings water from the depths to the surface; this water is cold and nutrient rich. During El Nino, upwelling weakens or stops altogether. Without the nutrients from the deep, there are fewer phytoplankton off the coast. This affects fish that eat phytoplankton and, in turn, affects everything that eats fish. The warmer waters can also bring tropical species, like yellowtail and albacore tuna, into areas that are normally too cold. The resulting impacts of El Niño are felt worldwide including widespread droughts, floods, and decimated fisheries. South American equatorial regions are hit especially hard due to decreased upwelling. This causes the marine food web to collapse from lack of nutrients, resulting in massive disruptions to crucial ecosystems off Peru. The strongest signal of ENSO impacts is in the areas closest to the equatorial Pacific, El Niño and La Niña are such powerful forces that they can shift seasonal temperature and precipitation patterns around the globe. These shifts, known as teleconnections, occur via the effects of tropical sea-surface temperatures on the upper atmosphere.  Under non-El Nin˜ o conditions, a pool of warm water is usually located in the western equatorial Pacific. It provides moisture to the atmosphere through evaporative processes which lead to the formation of convective activity and rain-producing cloud systems in that region. Twitter:  https://twitter.com/realyashnegiWebsite: climatology.inEmail: [email protected]: Ikson - New Day (Vlog No Copyright Music) Support the show (https://paypal.me/yashnegi27?locale.x=en_GB)

In this episode of the podcast, I have talked about the key points and the summary of the book "How To Avoid a Climate Disaster by Bill Gates." Twitter:  https://twitter.com/realyashnegiWebsite: climatology.inEmail: [email protected]: Ikson - New Day (Vlog No Copyright Music) Support the show (https://paypal.me/yashnegi27?locale.x=en_GB)

In this episode of the podcast, I talked about the “Climate Summit” which happened last week on Thursday. Four years after President Donald Trump began to pull the US out of the landmark Paris climate agreement, President Joe Biden and his top officials are reengaging with world leaders and making aggressive commitments to cut greenhouse gas emissions. The Biden administration has an unequivocal message at the two-day Leaders Summit on Climate this week: America is back.Additional Info:The biggest news out of the virtual event was the commitments various countries made to reduce their emissions. At the top, Biden formally pledged America would cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 50 to 52 percent relative to 2005 levels by 2030 — the most ambitious target the US has set to date. The message from Biden and US climate envoy John Kerry throughout the two days was that the US cannot do this alone. Historically, the US is the biggest emitter of carbon, and America is currently the second-largest greenhouse gas emitter, after China. Targets announced by other nations were more modest. The big pledge from Chinese President Xi Jinping is to reduce coal consumption between 2026 and 2030. But Xi’s announcement was short on specifics, and China’s overall targets — hitting peak carbon emissions by 2030 before getting to net-zero emissions by 2060 — remained unchanged. The effects of climate change can be expected to shave 11 percent to 14 percent off global economic output by 2050 compared with growth levels without climate change, according to a report from Swiss Re. If countries succeed at holding average global temperature increases to less than two degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels — the goal set by the 2015 Paris accord, an agreement among nations to fight climate change — economic losses by midcentury would be marginal, according to Swiss Re. The company found that most countries’ economies would be no more than 5% smaller than would otherwise be the case. But current emission levels are far from those targets. Global temperatures are likely to increase as much 2.6 degrees by 2050 based on current trajectories, Swiss Re reported. The United States endorses Race To Zero, a global campaign for net-zero targets from businesses, cities, and regions, and will work to seek additional U.S participants. The United States also announced an intent to commission analysis of the emission reduction potential from subnational leadership worldwide and to work with national and subnational partners globally to achieve this potential.Twitter:  https://twitter.com/realyashnegiWebsite: climatology.inEmail: [email protected]: Ikson - New Day (Vlog No Copyright Music) Support the show (https://paypal.me/yashnegi27?locale.x=en_GB)

 Earth Day is celebrated all over the world on 22 April 2020. This day is founded by American Senator Gaylard Nelson. Gaylard Nelson, first, drew America’s attention to the environmental side effects caused by American industrial development. Earth Day aims to “build the world’s largest environmental movement to drive transformative change for people and the planet.” The movement’s mission is “to diversify, educate and activate the environmental movement worldwide.” The year 2021 marks Earth Day’s 51st anniversary. Each year, this day is assigned a different theme or area of focus; this year’s theme is “Restore Our Earth.”Every country on this planet at some point was under lockdown for many months, and nature found a way to let Earth regain its lost wealth, during this period. No one was sure that there would be a day when they would see, at least in this lifetime, nature recovering after a fallow due to excessive pollution. But the lockdown had turned the tables. Not just the skyline became clearer with each passing day, the rivers were visibly purer, and the once-endangered flora and fauna came back to life.Twitter: https://twitter.com/realyashnegiWebsite: climatology.inEmail: [email protected]: Ikson - New Day (Vlog No Copyright Music)Support the show (https://paypal.me/yashnegi27?locale.x=en_GB)

In this episode of the podcast, I have talked about “Climate Models.” Climate models are an important tool for scientists to understand the complexities of Earth’s climate. These computer simulations incorporate both theory and direct observations of the past and present in order to project climate into the future. Because of this synthesizing role, and because their output takes the recognizable shape of maps, these models lay an important foundation for political action on climate change.Additional Info:Climate models can be tested through forecasts based on initial conditions. Climate models are closely related to the models that are used routinely for numerical weather prediction, and increasingly for extended range forecasting on seasonal to interannual time scales.With Earth’s climate as their subject, these models have taken on an enormous challenge. Although climate is often thought of as just an average temperature or is confused with the weather of a single season, climate is generally defined as the average state of weather over a period of years at a given location. This includes the mean values and ranges of variables such as wind, temperature, precipitation, humidity, cloudiness, pressure, visibility and air quality. These variables are strongly connected to the rest of the natural world, meaning that climate also involves other aspects of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice (the cryosphere). Therefore, climate is not a single thing, but instead a sprawling system of many processes that interact with each other in complicated ways. This system is affected by external factors, like radiation from the sun, volcanic eruptions, and changes in Earth’s orbit. The climate system also influences, and is influenced by, other natural processes like evaporation and photosynthesis. Consequently, climate models grow increasingly complex as they more accurately reflect these intricacies. Sophisticated models, like Coupled General Circulation Models, combine many processes to portray the entire climate system. The most important components of these models are the atmosphere (including air temperature, moisture and precipitation levels, and storms); the oceans (measurements such as ocean temperature, salinity levels, and circulation patterns); terrestrial processes(including carbon absorption, forests, and storage of soil moisture); and the cryosphere (both sea ice and glaciers on land). A successful climate model must not only accurately represent all of these individual components, but also show how they interact with each other. The obtained best-fit climate sensitivity estimates differ for various reasons from other estimates that were derived with alternative methods. Such alternative methods include, for example, regression estimates that use a global energy balance equation around the year of atmospheric CO2 doubling or the analysis of slab ocean equilibrium warmings. The resulting differences in climate sensitivity estimates can be partially explained by the non-time constant effective climate sensitivities in many of the AOGCM runs. Furthermore, tuning results of a simple climate model will be affected by the model structure, although simple, and other default parameter settings that affect the simple model transient response.Twitter: https://twitter.com/realyashnegiWebsite: climatology.inEmail: [email protected]: Ikson - New Day (Vlog No Copyright Music)Support the show (https://paypal.me/yashnegi27?locale.x=en_GB)

In this episode of the podcast, I have talked about "World Water Day", which is celebrated on 22nd March each year. World Water Day, 22 March 2021, is about what water means to people, its true value and how we can better protect this vital resource. Additional Info:A staggering 784 million people live without basic access to clean water. That’s roughly 1 in 10 people on earth.  For every $1 invested in safe water and sanitation, a yield of $5 to $28 USD is returned in increased economic activity and reduced health care costs. Climate change is also drastically affecting our water systems worsening existing water problems. In many parts of the world, human demands for water have outstripped the sustainably available supply. We know the value of water when we don't have access to it. In addition to water supply challenges, we also have water quality challenges. More quantity of wastewater is released back into the environment without any treatment which causes severe health hazards both for people and ecosystems. Water has become such an essential commodity that we have witnessed water wars between states in the process of sharing of river waters. Access to safe water stimulates the economy for the long-term. India is facing a fresh water crisis. India has just 4% of the world’s fresh water — but 16% of the global population. The total potential area to be brought under the micro irrigation (drip and sprinkler) in India is 42.2 million hectare of land, however only 3.9 million hectare of land or 9.2% of the potential is currently under micro irrigation. Across India as a whole, it is estimated that women spend 150 million work days every year fetching and carrying, equivalent to a national loss of income of INR 10 billion/ 160 million USD.The problem is huge, but it is not unsolvable. For over 40 years, Lifewater donors have helped millions of people get safe water and practice life-saving healthy habits. Every year, the number of people worldwide without safe water is reduced. The water crisis is retreating. We can solve this crisis in our lifetime, and we expect to. Still, there is still a long way to go.Follow me on Twitter for daily climate change news and feel free to email me regarding suggestions to improve and how do you feel listening to my podcast. I would like to say to you all that leave feedback on whatever platform you are listening to this podcast, it will help me to better understand my audience.Twitter:  https://twitter.com/realyashnegiWebsite: climatology.inEmail: [email protected]: Ikson - New Day (Vlog No Copyright Music)  Support the show (https://paypal.me/yashnegi27?locale.x=en_GB)

In this episode of the podcast, I have talked about “Polar Vortex” and  Professor Darryn Waugh investigation on  how polar vortices interact with the rest of the atmosphere, and the ways in which they can impact our weather.  Additional Info:The strong circumpolar westerlies that define the stratospheric polar vortex maximize at around 60o latitude, from just above the tropopause (~100 hPa) into the mesosphere (above 1 hPa). The stratospheric vortex can also be defined by the coherent region of low geopotential height that is enclosed by the westerlies. The stratospheric polar vortex appears each winter as a consequence of the large-scale temperature gradients between mid-latitudes and the pole. It forms in fall when there is no solar heating in polar regions, strengthens during winter, and then breaks down as sunlight returns to the polar regions in spring, and the high latitude winds become weak easterlies. Every now and then, about every two winters, there is a strong warming of the stratosphere due to warmer air flowing in. Greenland and the North Atlantic, for example, are said to throw the vortex particularly out of balance with their warmth. The polar vortex stumbles — or rather squiggles — and air currents can assert themselves more frequently. This split causes temperatures in the stratosphere to rise by 60 to 80 degrees Celsius within a very short time. To put it more graphically, you can imagine a flying circle of pizza dough that is jerking through the air out of shape. In the worst case, the pizza (the vortex!) loses its shape completely or even splits. Then there is a lot of whirling up there, which also has an effect on the entire Northern Hemisphere: Arctic air provides for icy temperatures. This is exactly what happened on January 5, 2021, and will probably hit us again soon. Forecasters say we can expect the cold snap in mid to late January, and it could last in spurts into February. Again, key word: could.The chemistry of the Antarctic polar vortex has created severe ozone depletion. The nitric acid in polar stratospheric clouds reacts with chlorofluorocarbons to form chlorine, which catalyzes the photochemical destruction of ozone. Chlorine concentrations build up during the polar winter, and the consequent ozone destruction is greatest when the sunlight returns in spring. These clouds can only form at temperatures below about −80 °C (−112 °F). Accordingly, the seasonal reduction of ozone levels over the Arctic is usually characterized as an "ozone dent", whereas the more severe ozone depletion over the Antarctic is considered an "ozone hole". That said, chemical ozone destruction in the 2011 Arctic polar vortex attained, for the first time, a level clearly identifiable as an Arctic "ozone hole".Follow me on Twitter for daily climate change news and feel free to email me regarding suggestions to improve and how do you feel listening to my podcast. I would like to say to you all that leave feedback on whatever platform you are listening to this podcast, it will help me to better understand my audience.Twitter:  https://twitter.com/realyashnegiWebsite: climatology.inEmail: [email protected]: Ikson - New Day (Vlog No Copyright Music)  Support the show (https://paypal.me/yashnegi27?locale.x=en_GB)

In this episode of the podcast, I have talked about “Fossil Fuels.”Topics:Fossil FuelsOriginExamples of Fossil FuelsDisadvantage of Fossil FuelsEnvironmental EffectsHydraulic Fracturing 8 reasons why we need to phase out Fossil Fuel IndustryCo2 emissions due to fuel combustionApplications for HydrogenAdditional Info:Decomposing plants and other organisms, buried beneath layers of sediment and rock, have taken millennia to become the carbon-rich deposits we now call fossil fuels. These non-renewable fuels, which include coal, oil, and natural gas, supply about 80% of the world’s energy. They provide electricity, heat, and transportation, while also feeding the processes that make a huge range of products, from steel to plastics. When fossil fuels are burned, they release carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which in turn trap heat in our atmosphere, making them the primary contributors to global warming and climate change. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the burning of fossil fuels was responsible for 76% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2016. These gases contribute to the greenhouse effect and could lead to potentially catastrophic changes in the Earth’s climate. Technologies such as CCS may help reduce the greenhouse gas emissions generated by fossil fuels, and nuclear energy can be a zero-carbon alternative for electricity generation. But other, more sustainable and less risky solutions exist: energy efficiency and renewable energy. An odorless gas composed primarily of methane, natural gas often lies in deposits that, like those for coal and oil, formed millions of years ago from decaying plant matter and organisms. Both natural gas and oil production have surged in the U.S. over the past two decades because of advances in the drilling technique most people know as fracking.  Without energy, people will be deprived of heating, cooling, and light in their homes and workplaces. They would not have access to television and the internet.Twitter:  https://twitter.com/realyashnegiWebsite: climatology.inEmail: [email protected]: Ikson - New Day (Vlog No Copyright Music)  Support the show (https://paypal.me/yashnegi27?locale.x=en_GB)