India is on the cusp of a major demographic shift. By 2047–2050, nearly one in five Indians will be over the age of 60, making retirement planning a national priority rather than a personal choice.In this exclusive conversation, C. Sivasubramaniam Raman, Chairman, PFRDA, discusses why Indians need to "grow rich before they grow old" and how the National Pension System (NPS) is evolving to meet the needs of a changing workforce. From the power of long-term compounding and retirement discipline to innovations like NPS Swasthya, digital onboarding, support for gig workers, and the future of pension reforms, the discussion explores how India's pension ecosystem is being reimagined for the decades ahead.