When Americans think about admirals in the Pacific in WWII, names like Nimitz, Spruance, and Halsey spring to mind. You cannot fully understand the war in the Pacific if you don’t also look at the leaders on the Japanese side—men like Yamamoto, Kurita, and Nagumo.On this week’s Midrats Podcast, we’re going to dive into the story of Admiral Yamamoto with our guest, Ronald Drabkin. We’ll tap into his research that led up to his next book, Admiral Yamamoto: The Gripping Story of the Legendary Japanese Naval Commander Who Planned and Executed the Pearl Harbor Attack.SummaryIn this episode, we explore the life and legacy of Admiral Yamamoto, a complex Japanese naval leader with a nuanced understanding of America, who played a pivotal role in World War II. Join us as we delve into his background, strategic mindset, and the lessons from his career.Key TopicsYamamoto’s early life and educationHis understanding of America and its influenceNaval strategies and battles in WWIIJapanese military culture and rivalryLeadership style and personal quirksImpact of his decisions on WWIIHis relationships and personal lifePost-war perception and legacyChapters00:00 - Live intro and how Midrats handles audience questions01:16 - Why the show is revisiting World War II and Admiral Yamamoto02:41 - Ron Drabkin joins the show and the new book on Yamamoto05:07 - Yamamoto’s childhood as Takano and the missionary who changed his life07:21 - Lincoln, Franklin, and the ideals Yamamoto admired in America10:11 - His letters reveal his real reactions to the United States12:02 - Academy struggles, bullying, and the chip on his shoulder14:14 - Poker, bluffing, cigars, and the gambling instinct16:01 - The Russo-Japanese War and the loss of his fingers19:19 - Why Yamamoto went to Mexico looking for oil21:16 - The War College visit and Yamamoto’s aggressive curiosity22:56 - Building Japanese naval aviation and rejecting battleship thinking26:01 - Ruthless training standards and the cost in pilot losses28:27 - Why the Japanese Army and Navy could barely cooperate31:38 - The strategic logic behind a short war and Pearl Harbor36:09 - Was Pearl Harbor supposed to force U.S. collapse?38:07 - Midway planning and Yamamoto’s longer-term thinking40:30 - Chioko, letters, and what his private life revealed45:35 - Why Japanese submarines were not used as commerce raiders46:45 - Vice Admiral Hori, friendship, and the survival of Yamamoto’s papers49:34 - The myth of “Harvard-educated” Yamamoto and his lack of American friends51:32 - Navy versus Army politics in Imperial Japan54:04 - The Washington Naval Treaty and Yamamoto’s frustration55:24 - Would Yamamoto’s survival have changed the war?57:52 - How Japan views Yamamoto today59:57 - Book release timing and where to find itRonald Drabkin is a popular author of books on World War II and espionage history. He initially learned Japanese while attending a Japanese University, before starting a career at Intel and other high tech companies.He learned as an adult that his father had worked in counterintelligence for the US military. Curiosity about his father’s work drove him to do research that resulted in his first papers and book on Japanese naval...

After a two-week availability period, the Midrats Podcast is back!SummaryIn this episode, we explore current geopolitical tensions, military readiness, and strategic challenges facing the US and its allies, emphasizing the importance of preparedness and international cooperation.Show LinksRussian restrictions on Estonia’s bordersCurfew on Russia’s Border with Estonia, Holger Roonemaa on SubstackGreat Circle ballistic arcs over GreenlandSix Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East, by Michael B. OrenOperation Red Sea RegattaShipfinder Hormuz TrackerHormuz Strait MonitorStrait of TiranItaly tires of EU military bureaucracy with Operation AspidesDepartment of War IG report on Operation Epic FuryUkrainian FP-7 Pelican SRBMUSAF Ponders Restart of C-17 line, Joseph Trevithick in TWZDeadly escalation in Black Sea attacks prompts fears of even higher food prices, Joanna Partridge in The GuardianThe US air force admitted to deploying weapons in space. Don’t expect the White House to explain why, Richard Luscombe in The GuardianKey TopicsRussian border curfews and testing NATO responsesGray zone operations in Europe and suspected incidentsThe importance of naval power and the Strait of HormuzUS energy independence and refinery capacity issuesThe strategic significance of Greenland and the ArcticSpace dominance and the importance of cislunar spaceEuropean NATO capabilities and weapon shortagesThe role of alliances and international cooperation in securityTakeawaysRussian testing of border restrictions signals potential for future escalationEuropean nations are underprepared for modern missile threatsUS needs to rebuild and modernize its heavy airlift capabilitiesGreenland’s strategic importance is increasing and must be securedControl of key maritime choke points is critical for global securitySpace dominance is essential for future military and economic...

At some point in the next decade, a historian is going to look at the first quarter of the 21st century from the perspective of the national security establishment and the blessings it had as it rose to global power status, and will publish the foundational reference book for those trying to understand that moment in time.Its primary rivals distracted and drained themselves in unnecessary quixotic quasi-imperial police actions, one in Central and Southwest Asia (U.S.A.), the other bled itself white attempting to reconstruct at least part of its predecessor’s empire (Russia). All the while, its economy grew, its diplomatic influence expanded, and its military became an impressive, if untested, colossus.Yes, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) had its problems and setbacks: demographic collapse, massive debt, economic fragility, and poor messaging—but so did its greatest competitors.In 2026, while most have been focused on the Iranian-Israeli-American conflict and the Russo-Ukrainian War rooted in unsolved issues from the end of the 20th century, the PRC continues its march forward into the future.Returning to the Midrats Podcast to discuss will be Dean Cheng.Dean is a Non-resident Senior Fellow, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies and Non-resident Fellow, George Washington University Space Policy Institute.He recently retired after 14 years with the Heritage Foundation, where he was a senior research fellow on Chinese political and security affairs, and wrote on various aspects of Chinese foreign and defense policy.Prior to joining the Heritage Foundation, he was a senior analyst with the China Studies Division (previously, Project Asia) at CNA from 2001-2009. Before joining CNA, he was a senior analyst with Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) from 1996-2001. From 1993-1995, he was an analyst with the US Congress’ Office of Technology Assessment in the International Security and Space Division, where he studied the Chinese defense industrial complex.He is the author of the book Cyber Dragon: Inside China’s Information Warfare and Cyber Operations (NY: Praeger Publishing, 2016), as well as a number of papers and book chapters examining various aspects of Chinese security affairs.SummaryIn this episode, Mark, Sal, and Dean Cheng discusses China’s strategic challenges, space ambitions, AI development, and regional influence, providing insights into China’s long-term plans and global impact.Show LinksTo A Louse, On Seeing One on a Lady's Bonnet at Church, Robert BurnsGreat Wall, movie with Matt Damon2012, movie Himalayas Tsunami SceneRed Cliff, movie (the good one)Chapters00:00: Introduction and overview of China’s global strategy02:38: Dean Cheng’s background and China’s long-term planning04:46: China’s strategic challenges beyond the US06:04: North Korea’s shifting alliances and regional dynamics08:06: Russia, China, and North Korea cooperation10:27: Chinese perceptions of US and regional threats12:25: Japan, Korea, and China’s regional ambitions14:29: China’s post-COVID strategic posture and influence16:03: China’s national messaging and global image17:28: Xi Jinping’s strategic vision and military buildup19:57: China’s influence in the Pacific and Arctic regions22:42: Canada, Greenland, and China’s northern ambitions<br...

For me, it is funny but serious that the phrase I started saying in 2019 that we were going to keep building Arleigh Burke DDGs “until the crack of doom” has turned into prophecy. With the anticipated death of DDG(X) and FFG-62, the Burkes are about the only game in town. That fact naturally flows into a point we have raised here and on the Midrats Podcast for the last couple of decades: How are we going to conduct repair and maintenance under combat conditions should we find ourselves in a fight west of the International Date Line?Well, we’ve got the perfect intersection of both issues for the next episode of Midrats.This RAND Report from May caught my eye:The Arleigh Burke–class guided missile destroyer, commonly known as a DDG-51, is the primary surface combatant vessel of the U.S. Navy. These ships—designed to operate in contested environments—are likely to sustain widespread battle damage from diverse attacks should a conflict develop in the Indo-Pacific region. The prevalent nature of this damage would give rise to the greatest demand for ship repair that the Navy has experienced since World War II.To evaluate requirements for and potential issues with a significant demand for salvaging and repairing battle-damaged destroyers, the authors conducted a tabletop exercise on August 13–14, 2025, with participants from the United States and allied nations in the Indo-Pacific. The participants were split into four groups, and each group represented U.S. and allied stakeholders who would be involved in the repairs.The report is titled, Battle Damage Repair for Arleigh Burke–Class Destroyers: Tabletop Exercise Results.Our guest is one of the authors of the report, Bradley Martin.Bradley Martin is a senior policy researcher at RAND. He retired from the Navy as a surface warfare Captain after 30 years of service, including four command tours.In addition to his operational tours, Martin served on the staff of U.S. Forces Japan, on the OPNAV staff as an operations analyst, and, most recently, as the Navy coordinator for participation in Joint Staff and OSD requirements and resources forums. His subspecialties included operations research, operational logistics, and strategic planning. His work at RAND focuses on Navy force structure and capabilities, supply chain security and resilience, and national security strategy. Prior to joining the Navy, he achieved a doctorate in political science from the University of Michigan, while working as a research assistant for the Correlates of War Project.Show LinksBattle Damage Repair for Arleigh Burke–Class DestroyersRepair CFT Brief for JTEG Forum on “Expeditionary Repair” CDR Erich C. Schwarz, USN, July 2022SummaryIn this episode, we explore the insights from a recent tabletop exercise on naval repair capabilities and strategic challenges in the Indo-Pacific, featuring Captain Brad Martin. We discuss the importance of organic repair assets, the vulnerabilities of fixed bases, and the need for adaptable logistics in wartime scenarios.Chapters00:00: Introduction to the tabletop...

What a great weekend for a good old fashioned Midrats Podcast Maritime Melee!Petty domestic political posturing has decided to broach a whole series of our favorite subjects for the last 17 years: carrier shortages, neglect of our auxiliaries in our Combat Logistics Force, leadership at sea, ships adrift…enough for a whole series of shows, but Mark and I promise to keep today’s show to an hour.Show LinksSnopes on USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72) issuesWSJ article on Admiral Cooper’s visit to ABECasey William’s dad being a good dadUSS Benfold (DDG 65) loses powerChapters00:00: Introduction and overview of naval challenges02:07: The need for more ships and the Ship Act04:14: Historical context of fleet size and shipbuilding07:06: Deployment length, mental health, and port visits11:59: The aging fleet and the importance of new ships16:08: Logistics challenges in the Indo-Pacific region20:04: Power outages and maintenance on USS Benfold24:55: The political landscape and funding issues29:51: Mental health support and sailor resilience35:03: Geopolitical considerations and port call limitations39:55: Technological innovations and future ship designs45:01: The importance of bipartisan support for naval modernization49:45: Conclusion and call to action for naval investment

Panels, seminars, conferences, reports, speeches, and emotion do not build a navy. Even shipyards do not build a navy. In the American system of government, if you want a navy you have to go up to Capitol Hill and get Congress to fund it.Without money, everything else is just a PDF.What is the state of play in bringing the argument for sea power to Congress?Returning to the Midrats Podcast just in time for the Senate’s August recess is Brent Sadler, CAPT, USN (Ret.).Brent is a Senior Research Fellow for Naval Warfare and Advanced Technology in the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for National Security at The Heritage Foundation, and a retired U.S. Navy Captain.Show LinksSHIPS for America ActSal’s exchange with Tom KarakoBooks by Brent SadlerBrent Sadler on LinkedInBrent Sadler on XSummaryIn this episode, Mark and Sal discuss with their guest Brent Sadler the legislative process behind maritime security, the SHIPS for America Act, and the importance of industrial capacity in national defense. Brent emphasizes the need for bipartisan support and strategic planning to strengthen America’s maritime industrial base and national security.Chapters00:00: Introduction02:14: The legislative process and seasonality in Congress08:05: Status and details of the Ships for America Act12:13: Bipartisan support and legislative challenges17:00: The role of congressional staffers in policy making21:54: Strategic importance of maritime industrial capacity27:07: The impact of recent Navy funding and shipbuilding efforts34:00: The need for reform in defense organizational structures43:10: The importance of strategic communication and advocacy

I can think of few 18-month periods where shipbuilding, the merchant marine, and the importance of a strong maritime sector in the U.S. has been a more active topic. Near the center of this conversation—or at least a few paragraphs in—is a long-time friend of the show, Dr. Sal Mercogliano—returning to the Midrats Podcast.Sal is the Chair of the Department of History, Criminal Justice and Political Science at Campbell University; a former merchant mariner; and a contributor to USNI Proceedings, Sea History, Naval History, and gCaptain.He is also the host of the YouTube channel, What’s Going on With Shipping.Show LinksWhat’s Going on With ShippingUnauthorized History Podcast with Sal Mercogliano on WWII OilersSummaryBoth Sals and Mark discuss the importance of maritime security, supply chain resilience, and the strategic challenges posed by geopolitical conflicts in this in-depth interview. Additional discussion dives into global choke points, military logistics, and the future of US shipbuilding.Chapters00:00: Introduction and Guest Introduction02:45: Sal Mercogliano’s Background and Expertise04:03: The Growth of Shipping Content and Public Interest06:01: Impact of Evergiven Suez Canal Incident07:02: Fragility of Global Supply Chains09:37: Freedom of the Seas and Modern Challenges10:36: Geopolitical Threats to Maritime Trade12:02: Geography, Choke Points, and Strategic Control13:25: Effects of Strait Closures on Economics and Security14:43: Historical Lessons from Past Conflicts16:06: US Military and Commercial Shipping Interplay18:43: Offshoring Shipbuilding and Its Consequences21:01: Revitalizing US Shipbuilding Industry24:32: Logistics Support and Military Readiness27:18: Protection of Critical Shipping Assets30:42: Rising Sea Blindness and Strategic Awareness33:00: Black Sea and Ukraine Conflict Insights36:20: Trade Interdiction and Potential for Conflict39:37: Global Supply Chain and Energy Security41:33: Manpower and Workforce Challenges in Shipping44:13: Defense Strategies for Maritime Security48:33: Protection of US Naval and Commercial Assets52:50: Technology and Innovation in Maritime Defense55:13: Jones Act and US Maritime Policy58:30: US Energy and Fuel Supply Challenges01:01:53: Future Projects and Research in Shipping

With increased defense spending becoming the new normal and growing uncertainty on the alliance’s eastern front as the Russo-Ukrainian War enters its fifth summer, the Ankara NATO summit was more than just a photo-op.Returning to the Midrats Podcast to discuss the major takeaways will be Jorge Benitez.SummaryIn this episode, Dr. George Benitez discusses the recent NATO summit, focusing on defense spending, alliance strategies, and the evolving threats from Russia, China, and Iran. He provides insights into NATO’s strategic shifts, the importance of Ukraine’s potential NATO membership, and the challenges of modern military logistics and industrial capacity.Show LinksThe Ankara Summit DeclarationNATO Summit historyNATO nations’ defense spending as a percentage of GDPRobert Gates’s 2011 speechPatriot missiles produced in GermanyTakeawaysNATO has increased defense spending by 20% since 2023, with a goal of 5% of GDP.Ukraine’s military readiness and combat experience are vital for NATO deterrence.The alliance’s focus on China has waned, despite growing threats from Chinese cooperation with Russia and Iran.European defense industries are expanding production, e.g., Patriot missile manufacturing in Europe.Geography and proximity to Russia heavily influence NATO members’ defense budgets and perceptions of threat.Chapters00:00: Introduction and overview of NATO summit02:07: Dr. Benitez’s insights on NATO’s recent summit04:12: US leadership and NATO’s Article 5 reaffirmation05:50: Defense spending commitments and burden sharing08:10: Russian threat and European defense efforts12:22: Geography and threat perception in NATO20:00: Ukraine’s role and NATO expansion37:55: China’s evolving role and NATO’s strategic focus45:25: European defense industries and supply chain resilience01:01:17: European and NATO industrial cooperation01:02:40: Closing remarks and follow-upDr. Jorge Benitez is Associate Professor of International Relations at the Marine Corps Command and Staff College.Before he joined the faculty of the Marine Corps Command and Staff College, Dr. Benitez served as a Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council, where he regularly briefed senior US and foreign officials on national security issues. Earlier in his career, he served as Assistant for Alliance issues to the Director of NATO Affairs in the Office of the Secretary of Defense. He also worked on international security issues at the Department of State and the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis. You can follow his coverage of security issues on X @NATOSource.Dr. Benitez received a B.A. with honors from the University of Florida, where he majored in both Political Science and History. He later graduated with an M.P.P. from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and a Ph.D. from the Fletcher School of Law...

Episode overviewThis episode covers a wide-ranging national security discussion, starting with a tribute to Senator Lindsey Graham and moving through major geopolitical flashpoints in the Indo-Pacific, the Middle East, and modern drone warfare.Show linkSal Mergogliano's video on Sea of Azov attacksKey topicsTribute to Senator Lindsey Graham, his role in national security debates, and the political gap his passing leaves behind.China’s claim over the Batanes Islands and the strategic importance of the Luzon Strait and Bashi Channel.Growing U.S.-Philippines-Japan alignment in response to Chinese maritime pressure.China’s expanding coast guard presence and its pattern of diplomatic and territorial probing.Escalation in the Iran-United States-Israel conflict, including strikes on Iranian capabilities and the security of the Strait of Hormuz.A helicopter crash involving U.S. military personnel and the risks inherent in aviation and training operations.China’s missile testing behavior, transparency issues, and the difference between announced U.S. launches and China’s launches.The use of FPV/FP-style drones in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov as mission-kill weapons against ships and port infrastructure.The challenge of defending U.S. ports, fleets, and bases from drone attacks, especially in places like Norfolk and San Diego.The strategic vulnerability of logistics, shipyards, ports, infrastructure, and critical systems to non-nuclear attack.EMP risks, power grid fragility, and the cascading humanitarian effects of long-term electrical disruption.The U.S. Coast Guard cutter Eagle’s victory in the tall ships race and the pride surrounding that milestone.Notable takeawaysDrones and precision strike weapons are changing the definition of rear areas and sanctuary.Ports, shipyards, and logistics hubs may become more important targets than front-line combat forces.Maritime security is increasingly tied to air defense, counter-drone capability, and distributed protection.National security threats are no longer confined to major wars; they can emerge through gray-zone pressure, sabotage, and infrastructure attack.Featured discussion pointsStrategic geography in the Western PacificChinese maritime assertivenessDrone warfare and mission killsPort and base defenseEMP and infrastructure resilienceNaval service and public recognitionTimestamps(00:47): Welcome and introduction to the show’s topics(01:45): Importance of listening to live audience questions(02:54): Passing of Senator Lindsey Graham and his role in national security(06:15): Chinese territorial claims over Batanes Islands near Luzon(11:28): The expanding Chinese coast guard operations and South China Sea tensions(31:24): Analysis of Ukrainian drone attacks and missile strikes in the Sea of Azov(45:51): Challenges of port defense against drone and missile threats(55:38): EMP attack threats and infrastructure resilience(60:06): US Coast Guard Tall Ship race victory and maritime tradition(62:54): NATO summit discussions and European defense posture

For almost two years, the war on the Continent had been raging. The Battle of Verdun has already happened, but the real bloodshed had not even started yet, with the Battle of the Somme only a month away.While the European land armies have been fighting on a scale not seen since Napoleon a century earlier, major conflicts at sea were rare in spite of the major belligerents having great and powerful fleets. Like two heavyweight boxers wary of each other, the surface fleets of the Royal Navy and the Kaiserliche Marine stared at each other across the North Sea, throwing a jab here or there, but not committing for a hard fight.Then, in the early morning hours of May 31st, Vice Admiral Franz von Hipper's I Scouting Group got underway from the Jade estuary and headed north.This episode, we are going to look back at the Battle of Jutland with Simon Harley, naval historian, Associate Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, and co-editor of The Dreadnought Project online resource. For his day job he sells vintage British motorcycle spares.You can at this link, or via the Spotify widget below.Show LinksSimon Harley on XBattle of Jutland Timeline, Imperial War MuseumThe Dreadnought ProjectThe Fighting Fleets, by Ralph Delahaye PaineCastles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea, by Robert K. MassieClash of Fleets: Naval Battles of the Great War, 1914-18, by Vincent O’Hara, Leonard R HeinzSummaryIn this episode, naval historian Simon Harley discusses the Battle of Jutland, its strategic lessons, leadership personalities, and technological aspects, providing insights relevant to modern naval strategy.Sound bites“The German fleet has assaulted its jailer but it’s still in jail”“Luck really does play a massive part in naval battles”“Always make sure you’ve got the bigger fleet”Chapters00:00: Introduction to the Battle of Jutland05:04: Context of World War I and Naval Warfare11:46: Intelligence and Communication Failures19:26: Leadership Dynamics in Naval Command27:02: Shipbuilding and Technological Advancements30:26: The Cordite Controversy32:33: Tactical Decisions and Luck in Naval Warfare35:08: Fire Control Systems: A Comparative Analysis37:15: Strategic Objectives of the German and British Navies40:25: Mines and Their Impact on Naval Strategy52:08: Lessons from Jutland: Fleet Size and Preparedness