Co-Occurrence #4 - The Future is Now: How VR and AR are Revolutionizing Medical and Health Sciences Education (EP.27) With Ryan Kingsley, MPAS, P.A.-C. Virtual reality and Augmented Reality are among some of the most exciting technologies that are revolutionizing the innovation possibilities within our learning landscape today. These cutting edge technologies, VR and AR, along with rapidly changing and growing AI capabilities, are having transformative impacts on health science and medical education. In this episode, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Assistant Professor of Medical Education, Ryan Kingsley, MPAS, P.A.-C., shares his insights into using these technologies in education -drawing on the spirit of innovation, real life examples and visions for the future. This episode is the fourth installment of our limited series, "Co-Occurrence," featuring conversations exploring AI and related technologies as well as possible, probably and actual impacts on education. From discussions around what we know, what we hope for, and what is happening concretely today - this limited series will give you some things to ponder and actionable takeaways. Questions? Feedback? Ideas? Contact us at [email protected] Audio Editor: Jaquan Leonard Additional Resources: Gan, W., Mok, TN., Chen, J. et al. Researching the application of virtual reality in medical education: one-year follow-up of a randomized trial. BMC Med Educ 23, 3 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03992-6 Abhimanyu S. Ahuja, Bryce W. Polascik, Divyesh Doddapaneni, Eamonn S. Byrnes, Jayanth Sridhar, The digital metaverse: Applications in artificial intelligence, medical education, and integrative health, Integrative Medicine Research,Volume 12, Issue 1, 2023, 100917, ISSN 2213-4220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2022.100917. Henry Matovu, Dewi Ayu Kencana Ungu, Mihye Won, Chin-Chung Tsai, David F. Treagust, Mauro Mocerino & Roy Tasker (2023) Immersive virtual reality for science learning: Design, implementation, and evaluation, Studies in Science Education, 59:2, 205-244, DOI: 10.1080/03057267.2022.2082680 Breining, G., By, Breining, G., & 28, Aug. (2018, August 28). Future or fad? virtual reality in medical education. AAMC. https://www.aamc.org/news/future-or-fad-virtual-reality-medical-education

Co-Occurrence #3 - Grappling with Bias in AI: How are You Inspiring a Critical Mindset? (EP.26) With Tacita Morway (she/her) How can we mitigate the biases present in Generative AI? What role do we play in shaping a more equitable outcome? In this episode, Tacita Morway, Textio's Chief Technology Officer, weighs in to share her insights on bias in AI, the importance of critical thinking, and using your fears as a roadmap to discovery. This episode is the third installment of our limited series, "Co-Occurrence," featuring conversations exploring AI and related technologies as well as possible, probably and actual impacts on education. From discussions around what we know, what we hope for, and what is happening concretely today - this limited series will give you some things to ponder and actionable takeaways. Questions? Feedback? Ideas? Contact us at [email protected] Audio Editor: Jaquan Leonard Additional Resources: Guvvala, Sujitha. “Bias Mitigation in Generative AI.” Analytics Vidhya. N.p., 12 Oct. 2023. Manyika, James. “What Do We Do about the Biases in AI?” Harvard Business Review. N.p., 17 Nov. 2022. Landers, R. N., & Behrend, T. S. (2023). Auditing the AI auditors: A framework for evaluating fairness and bias in high stakes AI predictive models. American Psychologist, 78(1), 36. Buslón, N., Cortés, A., Catuara-Solarz, S., Cirillo, D., & Rementeria, M. J. (2023). Raising awareness of sex and gender bias in artificial intelligence and health. Frontiers in Global Women's Health, 4. Ferrara, E. (2023). Should chatgpt be biased? challenges and risks of bias in large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.03738. Shiroma, Mauricio. “Critical Thinking – the Bias Battle | Cambridge English.” World of Better Learning | Cambridge University Press. N.p., 7 Sept. 2022. Synder, K., Textio Blog: Mindful AI: Crafting Prompts to Mitigate the Bias in Generative AI - 2023.

Co-Occurrence #2 - Generative AI and Chat-GPT: A Powerful Tool for Educators, but Not Without Challenges (EP.25) With Jon Fila Can generative artificial intelligence large language models like Chat-GPT be useful to educators? If so, what are some ways it can help us and what should we be careful about relying on it for?  In this episode, author Jon Fila joins host Stacy Craft to explore how generative AI chat models like Chat-GPT can help educators create engaging and personalized content for their students, reduce their workload, foster creativity and collaboration, and increase accessibility. They also discuss the privacy concerns, ethical use, and the working limitations and biases of these models as well as touch on how learner adoption might impact what learning looks like. This episode is Part two of our limited series, "Co-Occurrence," featuring conversations exploring AI and related technologies as well as possible, probably and actual impacts on education. From discussions around what we know, what we hope for, and what is happening concretely today - this limited series will give you some things to ponder and actionable takeaways. Questions? Feedback? Ideas? Contact us at [email protected] Editor: Jaquan Leonard Additional Resources: University of Cambridge - Faculty News; “Chat GPT. We Need to Talk.”   Nakandakari, Fernando. “Chat GPT in Education: Transforming Learning Experiences through AI Conversations.” Jestor (2023): n. pag. Chat-GPT Teaching with AI Toolkit Fila, Jon. Embracing AI: Beyond the Basics Strategies for Educational Transformation. 2023. Mohd Javaid, Abid Haleem, Ravi Pratap Singh, Shahbaz Khan, Ibrahim Haleem Khan, Unlocking the opportunities through ChatGPT Tool towards ameliorating the education system, BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations, Volume 3, Issue 2, 2023, 100115, ISSN 2772-4859, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbench.2023.100115.

Co-Occurrence #1 - Visual Generative AI in Medical Education: The Promise and Challenges (EP.24) With Carlo Alberto Mazzoli, M.D. & Federico Semeraro, M.D. Can visual generative AI open new avenues for medical education? Can it offer quick, accurate, valid, and creative visualizations that educators can adapt and use for their curriculums?  If not, then how and when? In this episode, Dr. Federico Semeraro and Dr. Carlo Alberto Mazzoli join host Stacy Craft to explore the transformative potential of AI-driven visuals in enhancing the learning experience for medical and health education. While unpacking the promise and potential applications, Dr. Semeraro and Dr. Mazzoli also share their unique insights and direct experience with the challenges, ethical considerations, and possible solutions for the future. This episode is Part One of our limited series, "Co-Occurrence," featuring conversations exploring AI and related technologies as well as possible, probably and actual impacts on education. From discussions around what we know, what we hope for, and what is happening concretely today - this limited series will give you some things to ponder and actionable takeaways. Questions? Feedback? Ideas? Contact us at [email protected] Editor: Jaquan Leonard Additional Resources: Alberto Mazzoli C, Semeraro F, Gamberini L. Enhancing Cardiac Arrest Education: Exploring the potential use of MidJourney. Resuscitation. 2023 Aug;189:109893. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109893. Epub 2023 Jul 3. PMID: 37406759. Shoja MM, Van de Ridder JMM, Rajput V. The Emerging Role of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education, Research, and Practice. Cureus. 2023 Jun 24;15(6):e40883. doi: 10.7759/cureus.40883. PMID: 37492829; PMCID: PMC10363933. How generative AI Can Transform Health Education and Health Equity - (Editorial) Susan Garfield The Ethical Pros and Cons of AI Art Generation, ELECTRA NANOU, JUL 6, 2023.

Accessible Technology and Design Impacts All Learners - VSF Technology and the Power of Innovation for Access (EP.23) With Randal Walker, M.D. "When the wall of exclusion came down, everybody benefited" - Angela Glover Blackwell Have you heard of the "curb-cut effect"?  It is a phenomenon when a technology or innovation comes along meant to benefit one situation or demographic and ends up being used in unplanned ways by just about everyone who has access. Many technologies we rely on today have come about from assistive devices that were originally designed as accommodations for disabilities, e.g. keyboards and closed captions. When we design learning and technology with inclusion and access in mind, the outcomes is often that almost everyone benefits.  Pioneering and award winning physician with Mayo Clinic Division of Infectious Disease & Assistant Professor of Medicine, Emeritus, Randal Walker, M.D. joins Stacy Craft to share his story and journey innovating new assistive technologies for low vision readers. His creation, Visual Syntactic Text Formatting, has become an illuminating case study in the unexpected and meaningful ways assistive tools and technologies can benefit everyone. Questions? Feedback? Ideas? Contact us at [email protected] Additional Resources: Videos: Improving Reading Performance with Syntactic Formatting Technology The Curb Cut effect - When Accessibility benefits everyone Articles: Blackwell, A. G. (2016). The Curb-Cut Effect. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 15(1), 28–33. https://doi.org/10.48558/YVMS-CC96 Walker, S., Schloss, P., Fletcher, C. R., Vogel, C. A., & Walker, R. C. (2005). Visual-syntactic text formatting: A new method to enhance online reading. Reading Online, 8(6).

Gameplay and Game Design to Transform Learning - Laughter and Learning Outcomes in Medical Education (EP.22) With Michelle A. Nelsen, MS, HTL (ASCP) Incorporating games into your curriculum can be transformative. Games can be immersive and when constructed by learners, a game can move education from a passive endeavor to an active and engaging experience that promotes critical thinking teamwork experiential learning and empathy. Assistant Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Program Director for the Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences' Histology Technician Program, Michelle A. Nelsen, MS, HTL(ASCP), joins Stacy Craft to discuss concreate examples of leveraging the world of game design and gameplay to bring difficult content to life and build community in the virtual and in person classroom. Questions? Feedback? Ideas? Contact us at [email protected] Additional Resources: Videos: Gamification in Higher Education | Christopher See | TEDxCUHK Articles: What does Game Based Learning Offer Higher Ed? Gonzaga University Game Design in the Classroom: 8 Steps to Get Started Xu M, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Xia R, Qian H, Zou X. Game-based learning in medical education. Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 3;11:1113682. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1113682. PMID: 36935696; PMCID: PMC10020233. Khanna A, Ravindran A, Ewing B, Zinnerstrom K, Grabowski C, Mishra A, Makdissi R. Escape MD: Using an Escape Room as a Gamified Educational and Skill-Building Teaching Tool for Internal Medicine Residents. Cureus. 2021 Sep 27;13(9):e18314. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18314. PMID: 34725586; PMCID: PMC8553278. Heim AB, Holt EA. From Bored Games to Board Games: Student-Driven Game Design in the Virtual Classroom. J Microbiol Biol Educ. 2021 Mar 31;22(1):22.1.19. doi: 10.1128/jmbe.v22i1.2323. PMID: 33884075; PMCID: PMC8012046. Powerpoint Presentation Games Templates

Modern Learners in a Digital World - Custom Curriculums and Learning Approaches in Med Ed and Beyond (EP:22)  With  Angela Robbins. Ph.D.  Our relationship with information is constantly evolving. Expectations and learners' skills shift as technology changes and how we access content changes.  Dr. Angela Robbins joins Stacy Craft to talk about the new education landscape that has emerged with cultural changes, post-pandemic adjustments, and the desire for a personalized curriculum and how to design around learner-driven "hidden" or custom curriculums. Questions? Feedback? Ideas? Contact us at [email protected] Additional Resources: Videos Co-creating Rubrics with Students Articles Personalized Medicine in Undergraduate Medical Education: a Spiral Learning Model. Med Sci Educ. 2020 Aug 26;30(4):1741-1744. doi: 10.1007/s40670-020-01066-0. PMID: 34457840; PMCID: PMC8368415. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8368415/ What is hidden in hidden curriculum? a qualitative study in medicine. Yazdani S, Andarvazh MR, Afshar L. J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2020 May 10;13:4. doi: 10.18502/jmehm.v13i4.2843. PMID: 33088431; PMCID: PMC7569532. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7569532/ Using Student-Generated Questions to Promote Deeper Thinking - Youki Terada  https://www.edutopia.org/article/using-student-generated-questions-promote-deeper-thinking/

Live: Why Can't We Be Friends? Building Community in Online Courses (EP:20)  With  Stacy Craft M.Ed.  Educators Central Live Studio - Sometimes fostering community can be an element  that gets overlooked or addressed as a second tier concern when designing and developing online learning.  However, community is an essential component of a fully realized virtual learning experience.  Join Stacy Craft in the recording of this special live event to learn more about the elements of community as well as strategies to mitigate isolation and build community in online courses. Questions? Feedback? Ideas? Contact us at [email protected] Additional Resources: Videos Tidbits to Stay Connected - Dr. David Joyner on Building Community in Online Courses Community Building in Online Learning Articles 5 key elements of social presence: Part 1 affective association. (2020, October 21). Achieve Virtual Education Academy. https://achievevirtual.org/blog/teacher-resources/5-key-elements-of-social-presence-part-1-affective-association/ 6 strategies for building community in online courses. (2020, July 27). The K. Patricia Cross Academy. https://kpcrossacademy.org/building-community-in-online-courses/ CoI framework. (n.d.). CoI. https://coi.athabascau.ca/coi-model/ Community of inquiry framework in online learning: Use of technology – Technology and the curriculum: Summer 2018. (2018, July 9). Technology and the Curriculum: Summer 2018 – Simple Book Publishing. https://techandcurriculum.pressbooks.com/chapter/coi-and-online-learning/ Delmas, P. M. (2017). Using VoiceThread to create community in online learning. TechTrends, 61(6), 595-602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-017-0195-z Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2000). Community of inquiry instrument. PsycTESTS Dataset. https://doi.org/10.1037/t32875-000 How to forge a strong community in an online classroom. (2020, April 15). Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/article/how-forge-strong-community-online-classroom Ideas for building an online community. (2017, July 26). Inside Higher Ed | Higher Education News, Career Advice, Jobs. https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/article/2017/07/26/ideas-building-online-community Osterman, K. F. (2000). Students' need for belonging in the school community. Review of Educational Research, 70(3), 323-367. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543070003323 Papadopoulou, A. (2020, December 8). How to build an online learning community (In 2021). Learnworlds. https://www.learnworlds.com/build-online-learning-community/#way1 Rovai, A. P., & Lucking, R. (2003). Sense of community in a higher education television-based distance education program. Educational Technology Research and Development, 51(2), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02504523 Summers, J. J., & Svinicki, M. D. (2007). Investigating classroom community in higher education. Learning and Individual Differences, 17(1), 55-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2007.01.006 Top 13 ways to create community in online classes & courses. (2020, June 12). Online Course How. https://www.onlinecoursehow.com/tips/create-community/

Building Memory with Science and Senses - Put on Your Thinking Cap (EP:19)  With  Stella Collins, MSc.  Creating effective learning can be complicated – from our biology to our environment, there are a lot of elements that influence outcomes. And how can we get our learners curious anyway, especially in our increasingly digital spaces? Grab a hat and put it on (we mean it…. we’ll wait while you go get it)  because in this episode, celebrated author and science-based learning thinker, Stella Collins, joins Stacy Craft to explore learning and the brain, memory, the powers of sensory experiences, avoiding stagnation, community, and why there is a group of people who think “Brains!” when they bite into a bar of chocolate. We also take time to unpack the LEARNS strategy for designing and providing education that people will remember. Questions? Feedback? Ideas? Contact us at [email protected] Additional Resources: Stellar Labs Resources 6 Tricks to Making Learning Sticky!  LEARNS Teacher Centered Vs Learner Centered Nine Things Educators Need to Know About the Brain BASIC & LEARNERS Mnemonic/Acronyms Articles Benjamin C. Ingman (2019) Novelty and educational experience, The Curriculum Journal, 30:1, 69-90, DOI: 10.1080/09585176.2018.1564684 Tyng, C. M., Amin, H. U., Saad, M. N., & Malik, A. S. (2017). The influences of emotion on learning and memory. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1454. Roumell, E. A. (2019). Priming adult learners for learning transfer: Beyond content and delivery. Adult Learning, 30(1), 15-22. Videos The Neuroscience of Learning - Bruce McCandliss Neuroscience, AI and the Future of Education | Scott Bolland | TEDxSouthBank Stellar Labs Take 5 Video Channel

Connecting with Learners - Learner Centered Approaches (EP:18) With  Dr. Cheryll Albold, Ph.D.  Learner-Centered instructional approaches ask educators to shift their focus from traditional, teacher-centric approaches, where instructors push information at learners, to one that asks learners to actively co-create knowledge and participate in their learning. This transition from "Sage on the Stage" to "Guide on the Side" is not always a simple one and requires that educators connect with their learners.  In this episode, Stacy Craft chats with Dr. Cheryll Albold, an assistant professor of medical education in the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science and Administrator and Designated Institutional Administrator for the Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, about why connecting with learners is so important, principles and foundations for learner-centered approaches, and pedagogically-sound practices and simple design recommendations to help you start incorporating more learner-centered strategies in your education Questions? Feedback? Ideas? Contact us at [email protected] Additional Resources: A visual list of 28 Learner Centered Instructional Strategies Infographic  Learner-Centered Approaches: Why They Matter and How to Implement Them Teacher Centered Vs Learner Centered Warm Demander: Irvine, J.J. & Fraser, J.W. (1998). Warm demanders. Education Week, 17(35), 56. Kleinfeld, J. (1975). Effective teachers of Eskimo and Indian students. School Review, 83, 301-344. Unconditional Positive Regard Rogers, C.R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 95-103 Challenge and Support Sanford, N. (1962). Developmental status of the entering freshman. In N. Sanford (ED.), The American College: A psychological and social interpretation of higher learning (pp.253-282. New York: Wiley Mattering Rosenberg, M., & McCullough, B. C. (1981). Mattering: Inferred significance and mental health among adolescents. Research in Community & Mental Health, 2, 163-182. Schlossberg, N. K. (1989). Marginality and mattering: Key issues in building community. New Directions for Student Services, 48, 5-15. doi: 10.1002/ss.37119894803 Belonging Hurtado, S., Cuellar, M., & Guillermo-Wann, C. (2011). Quantitative measures of students’ sense of validation: Advancing the study of diverse learning environments. Enrollment Management Journal: Student Access, Finance, and Success in Higher Education, 5(2), 53-72. Meeuwisse, M., Severiens, S., & Born, M. (2010). Learning environment, interaction, sense of belonging and study success in ethnically diverse student groups. Research in Higher Education, 51, 528–545. National Center Hurtado, S., & Carter, D. F. (1997). Effects of college transition and perceptions of the campus racial climate on Latino stu­dents’ sense of belonging. Sociology of Education, 70, 324-345.