Welcome to the second special episode of black history month, where we will be discussing one of the South's wealthiest black women, Amanda America Dickson. Amanda, like many mixed people in the South before the Civil War, was a product of an assault, but unlike most mixed-race children, she was raised in white society. She would go on to inherit her father's vast estate and become one of Georgia's most famous socialites. Come and hear her story today on this episode! Bibliography New Georgia Encyclopedia. “Amanda America Dickson,” March 10, 2003. https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/amanda-america-dickson-1849-1893/. History of American Women. “Amanda Dickson,” October 24, 2008. https://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2008/10/amanda-dickson.html. Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Amanda America Dickson.” Wikipedia, November 20, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_America_Dickson. ———. “Jean Toomer.” Wikipedia, December 6, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Toomer. ebutler. “Amanda America Dickson Toomer.” Georgia Historical Society, May 25, 2021. https://georgiahistory.com/amanda-america-dickson-toomer/. Nielsen, Euell A. “Amanda America Dickson Toomer (1849-1893) •,” November 22, 2015. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/amanda-america-dickson-toomer-1849-1893/. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “David Dickson.” Encyclopedia Britannica, November 16, 2007. https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Dickson. Leslie, Kent Anderson. Woman of Color, Daughter of Privilege : Amanda America Dickson, 1849-1893, University of Georgia Press, 1995. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/unb/detail.action?docID=3038897.

Happy Black History Month everybody. To kick off this month I wanted to start with a story of one of my favourite African queens Yaa Asantewaa. Yaa Asantewaa was not born to be a leader but when her brother appointed her to the important position of queen mother it thrusted her into a world of complicated politics and a war against the British. Today she’s remembered in the modern nation of Ghana as a hero and I’m so excited to present her story this month. Come join me to learn about this badass gun wielding queen on today’s episode. Bibliography ADF. “Nana Yaa Asantewaa and the War of the Golden Stool.” Africa Defense Forum (blog), August 1, 2022. https://adf-magazine.com/2022/08/nana-yaa-asantewaa-and-the-war-of-the-golden-stool/. Modern Ghana. “Asante (Ashanti) History Much of the Modern Nation of Ghana.” Accessed December 16, 2023. https://www.modernghana.com/ghanahome/ashanti/ashanti.asp?menu_id=6&sub_menu_id=496&menu_id2=67&s=e. “Ashanti People, Tradition and Culture.” Accessed December 16, 2023. https://www.africancraftsmarket.com/african-tribes/ashanti-people.html. Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Ashanti Empire.” Wikipedia, December 11, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashanti_Empire#Culture_and_society. ———. “Yaa Asantewaa.” Wikipedia, December 14, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaa_Asantewaa. Guide, Africa. “Ashanti People.” Accessed December 16, 2023. https://www.africaguide.com/culture/tribes/ashanti.htm. King, Deolu. “Yaa Asantewaa, Queen Mother Of The Ashanti - Celebrating Black History & Black Culture.” I AM History, August 5, 2022. https://www.iamhistory.co.uk/home/yaa-asantewaa. notch-admin. “History – Yaa Asantewaa.” Accessed December 16, 2023. https://yaaasantewaa.co.uk/history/. “Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa’s Ashanti Empire.” Accessed December 16, 2023. https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html. Team, IASH. “Yaa Asantewaa.” Dangerous Women Project, July 22, 2016. https://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/. West, Racquel. “Yaa Asantewaa (Mid-1800s-1921) •,” February 8, 2019. https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/yaa-asantewaa-mid-1800s-1921/. Team Queens. “Yaa Asantewa,” December 24, 2022. https://teamqueens.org/yaa-asantewa/. “Yaa Asantewaa, Biography.” Accessed December 16, 2023. https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Yaa-Asantewaa-175. Encyclopedia.com. “Yaa Asantewaa (c. 1850–1921).” Accessed December 16, 2023. https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yaa-asantewaa-c-1850-1921

Very recently, I’ve become obsessed with the HBO TV show the Gilded Age and it has led me to a new appreciation for this time. And what a better way to explore it, then to talk about the queen bee of the Gilded Age Caroline Astor. Caroline set the standard for gilded age New York society and she had to be petty to keep society the way she thought it ought to run. Join me on my season, premiere and learn about the fascinating life of Caroline Astor. Bibliography Block, Elizabeth. “Mrs. Caroline Astor Was the Ultimate New York Socialite.” Town & Country, February 8, 2022. https://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/arts-and-culture/a38847567/mrs-caroline-astor-the-gilded-age/. Factinate. “Caroline Astor, The Gilded Age Socialite Who Ruled New York,” March 9, 2022. https://www.factinate.com/people/facts-caroline-astor. Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Abraham Schermerhorn.” Wikipedia, October 14, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Schermerhorn. ———. “Caroline Schermerhorn Astor.” Wikipedia, December 13, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Schermerhorn_Astor. ———. “John Jacob Astor IV.” Wikipedia, November 4, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor_IV. ———. “New York Dutch.” Wikipedia, December 10, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Dutch. ———. “Peter Schermerhorn.” Wikipedia, April 14, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Schermerhorn. ———. “William Backhouse Astor Jr.” Wikipedia, November 19, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Backhouse_Astor_Jr. Evans, Elinor. “Mrs Astor and the Four Hundred.” HistoryExtra, February 21, 2022. https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/mrs-astor-who-four-hundred-new-york-society-list-ward-mcallister-gilded-age/. Beyond. “Mrs Astor Invites,” February 12, 2018. https://magazine.stregis.com/mrs-astor-invites-2/. HISTORY. “New Amsterdam Becomes New York,” February 9, 2010. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/new-amsterdam-becomes-new-york. Albany and New York City. “Schermerhorns of New York.” Accessed December 15, 2023. https://www.americanajourneys.com/genealogy/schermerhorns_of_new_york.html. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Astor Family.” Encyclopedia Britannica, July 20, 1998. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Astor-family.

Malinche’s name is synonymous with betrayal. She has been called all sorts of names throughout history, but does she really deserve such a bad reputation? Malinche was a slave girl sold to the Spanish as they arrived in Mexico, and when they realized she had a talent for languages, she was an instrumental tool in the takedown of the Aztec empire. Malinche was lucky to have a decent amount of agency for her situation, but it’s also important to remember she was a teenage girl who had no idea what the long-running consequences of her actions would be. Join me to learn about the incredible story of the translator La Malinche! Bibliography Anderson, Gracie. “Was La Malinche, Indigenous Interpreter for Conquistador Hernán Cortés, a Traitor, Survivor or Icon?” Smithsonian Magazine, July 30, 2021. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/was-la-malinche-indigenous-interpreter-conquistador-hernan-cortes-traitor-survivor-or-icon-180978321/. Encyclopedia Britannica. “Aztec Empire.” Accessed September 18, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Aztec-Empire-Timeline. “Basic Aztec Facts: AZTEC SLAVES.” Accessed September 18, 2023. https://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/kids/aztec-slaves. Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Hernán Cortés.” Wikipedia, August 24, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s. ———. “La Malinche.” Wikipedia, September 16, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Malinche. ———. “Martín Cortés (Son of Malinche).” Wikipedia, September 18, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Cort%C3%A9s_(son_of_Malinche). dhwty. “The Controversial Role of La Malinche in the Fall of the Aztec Empire: Traitor or Hero?” Ancient Origins, July 24, 2019. https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/controversial-role-la-malinche-fall-aztec-empire-traitor-or-hero-005284. Hellman, Reviewed by David. “Mystery of the First Mestizo / Loyal to Father, Malinche’s Son Lost to History.” SFGATE, July 11, 2004. https://www.sfgate.com/books/article/mystery-of-the-first-mestizo-loyal-to-father-2742590.php. History Skills. “La Malinche: The Woman Who Helped Destroy the Aztec Empire.” Accessed September 18, 2023. https://www.historyskills.com/classroom/year-8/la-malinche/. AHA. “Malinche: Indian Princess or Slavish Whore?” Accessed September 18, 2023. https://www.historians.org/teaching-and-learning/teaching-resources-for-historians/teaching-and-learning-in-the-digital-age/the-history-of-the-americas/the-conquest-of-mexico/narrative-overviews/malinche-indian-princess-or-slavish-whore. Britannica Kids. “Marina, or Malinche.” Accessed September 18, 2023. https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Marina-or-Malinche/628972. Minster, Christopher. “Biography of Malinche, Enslaved Woman and Interpreter to Hernán Cortés.” ThoughtCo, May 21, 2015. https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-malinche-2136516. a short introduction. “Music, Song and Dance among the Aztecs.” Accessed September 18, 2023. https://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/music/music-song-and-dance-among-the-aztecs-a-short-introduction. Purcell, Ryan. “Life Story: Malitzen (La Malinche).” Women & the American Story, October 17, 2018. https://wams.nyhistory.org/early-encounters/spanish-colonies/malitzen/. “Resource for Students: Malinche and Pocahontas.” Accessed September 18, 2023. https://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/spanish-invasion/resource-malinche-and-pocahontas. root. “Aztec Education: Learning at Home and School.” History, July 22, 2014. https://www.historyonthenet.com/aztec-education-at-home-and-school. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Nahua.” Encyclopedia Britannica, July 20, 1998. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nahua.

Many of you know my deep love for my birthday twin Queen Claude of France but have you heard of Claude’s little sister Renee? Renee had a turbulent life from almost the second she was born from the death of her parents to her disinheritance at a young age. Renee also lived at the height of the religious wars in France and was a princess caught between worlds and it almost cost her everything. Join me to learn about her fascinating life on today’s episode. Bibliography Barlow, Jill. “Renée de France: A Woman of the Reformation.” The Village Church. Accessed August 12, 2023. https://www.thevillagechurch.net/resources/articles/renee-de-france-a-woman-of-the-reformation. Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Anne of Brittany.” Wikipedia, August 10, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Brittany. ———. “Ercole II d’Este, Duke of Ferrara.” Wikipedia, May 1, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ercole_II_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Ferrara. ———. “Louis XII.” Wikipedia, August 6, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XII. ———. “Michelle de Saubonne.” Wikipedia, July 3, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_de_Saubonne. ———. “Renée of France.” Wikipedia, July 13, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_of_France. Editor. “Renée of France: Kept by God’s Grace.” Leben, December 19, 2016. https://leben.us/renee-france-kept-gods-grace/. Jansen, Sharon L. “Renée of France, Duchess of Ferrara.” Accessed August 12, 2023. https://www.monstrousregimentofwomen.com/2015/10/renee-of-france-duchess-of-ferrara.html. Kelly, Amy Eloise. “Renée of France - The Protestant Duchess of Ferrara.” History of Royal Women, October 24, 2017. https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/renee-of-france/renee-france-protestant-duchess-ferrara/. kyra. “Renée of France – Kyra Cornelius Kramer.” Accessed August 12, 2023. https://www.kyrackramer.com/2017/10/24/rene-of-france/. Longueville, Olivia. “Renée of France: A Valois Princess, a Protestant Duchess of Ferrara.” Olivia Longueville, October 26, 2020. https://olivialongueville.com/2020/10/26/renee-of-france-a-valois-princess-a-protestant-duchess-of-ferrara/. The Freelance History Writer. “Princess Renée de France: Staunch Huguenot ~ A Guest Post by Keira Morgan,” March 10, 2021. https://thefreelancehistorywriter.com/2021/03/10/princess-renee-de-france-staunch-huguenot-a-guest-post-by-keira-morgan/. Musée protestant. “Renée de France (1510-1575).” Accessed August 12, 2023. https://museeprotestant.org/en/notice/renee-de-france-1510-1575-2/. The Horoscope. “October 25 Zodiac - Full Horoscope Personality.” www.thehoroscope.co. Accessed August 12, 2023. https://www.thehoroscope.co/zodiac-signs/october-25-zodiac-scorpio.html.

Many people are familiar with the stories that come out of the Hundred Years War, like the heroism of Joan of Arc or the battle of Agincourt, but few know the story of the queen of four kingdoms who helped France win the war. Yolande was born the daughter of the king of Aragon and, over her life, was the unofficial queen of four nations. As a teen, she was strategically married off to the Duke of Anjou, but despite being Spanish, she became a full-blown Francophile and was key to the continued survival of the French monarchy. Join me today to learn her story. Bibliography BookBrowse. “Yolande of Aragon: Background Information When Reading Joan of Arc.” BookBrowse.com. Accessed August 6, 2023. https://www.bookbrowse.com/mag/btb/index.cfm/book_number/3238/joan-of-arc. Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Joanna of Aragon, Countess of Foix.” Wikipedia, June 14, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna_of_Aragon,_Countess_of_Foix. ———. “John I of Aragon.” Wikipedia, June 28, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I_of_Aragon. ———. “Louis II of Anjou.” Wikipedia, April 30, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_II_of_Anjou. ———. “Violant of Bar.” Wikipedia, July 14, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violant_of_Bar. ———. “Yolande of Aragon.” Wikipedia, July 25, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolande_of_Aragon. Dan Moorhouse - The Hundred Years War. “Yolande of Aragon - The Hundred Years War.” The Hundred Years War - 1337-1453, February 13, 2022. https://thehundredyearswar.co.uk/yolande-of-aragon/. ellena. “August 11th Zodiac Sign — Leo Traits, Careers, Mantras & More.” Popular Vedic Science, December 7, 2022. https://popularvedicscience.com/astrology/august-11-zodiac-sign/. Jansen, Sharon L. “Yolande of Aragon, the Queen of Four Kingdoms.” Accessed August 6, 2023. https://www.monstrousregimentofwomen.com/2019/08/yolande-of-aragon-queen-of-four-kingdoms.html. Longueville, Olivia. “Yolande of Aragon: Her Mother, Violant de Bar, as a Role Model.” Olivia Longueville, August 13, 2021. https://olivialongueville.com/2021/08/13/yolande-of-aragon-her-mother-as-a-role-model/. TV Tropes. “Yolande Of Aragon / Useful Notes.” Accessed August 6, 2023. https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/UsefulNotes/YolandeOfAragon. Encyclopedia.com. “Yolande of Aragon (1379–1442).” Accessed August 6, 2023. https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yolande-aragon-1379-1442.

The Taj Mahal is one of the most famous buildings to ever exist. No matter who you are or what language you speak you’ve probably heard of the building, but I bet you haven’t heard of the woman who it was built for. Mumtaz Mahal was the most beloved wife of the Mughal emperor Shah Jehan but while Mumtaz may be famous for dying, I’m more interested in the things she did in her life that made her so beloved to everyone. Join me on this episode to learn about the Mughal’s most beloved empress. Biography of Mumtaz Mahal, the Woman for Whom the Taj Mahal Was Built.” Accessed July 19, 2023. https://www.wonders-of-the-world.net/Taj-Mahal/Mumtaz-Mahal.php. Bloks, Moniek. “A Love to Remember - Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan.” History of Royal Women, February 14, 2016. https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/the-royal-women/a-love-to-remember/. Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Abu’l-Hasan Asaf Khan.” Wikipedia, May 21, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu%27l-Hasan_Asaf_Khan. ———. “Aurangzeb.” Wikipedia, July 16, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb. ———. “Mirza Ghiyas Beg.” Wikipedia, June 13, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirza_Ghiyas_Beg. ———. “Mumtaz Mahal.” Wikipedia, July 13, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahal#Bibliography. ———. “Shah Jahan.” Wikipedia, July 18, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahan. Your Article Library. “Education of Women in Medieval India: Hindu and Muslim,” August 11, 2015. https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/education/indian-education/education-of-women-in-medieval-india-hindu-and-muslim/63503. etajmahaltour. “Queen Mumtaz Mahal.” Taj Mahal Tour. Accessed July 19, 2023. https://www.etajmahaltour.com/mumtaz-mahal.html. New World Encyclopedia. “Mumtaz Mahal.” Accessed July 19, 2023. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Mumtaz_Mahal. Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan. “Mumtaz Mahal - Mumtaz Mahal Life History - Mumtaj Mahal Biography.” Accessed July 19, 2023. https://www.tajmahal.org.uk/mumtaz-mahal.html. Regan, Sarah. “Scorpio Sign 101: Personality Traits, Compatibility & More.” Mindbodygreen, October 24, 2021. https://www.mindbodygreen.com/articles/scorpio. Sherriff, Lucy. “Ever Wondered Who Built India’s Most Iconic Structure? It’s a Romantic Love Story.” Discovery, August 23, 2022. https://www.discovery.com/exploration/the-taj-mahal-s-love-story. srinivas, pendem. “Mumtaz Mahal History, Biography, Love Story and Facts.” India the Destiny, August 2, 2017. https://indiathedestiny.com/indian-kings/mumtaz-mahal-hisotry/. The Big Fat Indian Wedding. “The Essential Guide to Mughal Weddings: Wedding Traditions.” The Big Fat Indian Wedding, October 28, 2013. http://thebigfatindianwedding.com/2013/the-essential-guide-to-mughal-weddings-wedding-traditions. “The Cause of The Taj:: Mumtaz Mahal.” Accessed July 19, 2023. https://www.tajmahal.gov.in/the-cause-of-the-taj.aspx. Zeidan, Adam. “Mumtaz Mahal.” Encyclopedia Britannica, June 24, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mumtaz-Mahal.

Many people have never heard of Sarah Winnemucca, but they really should have. Sarah was born amongst the Paiute people at a time when Americans were flocking west by the thousands and causing lots of issues for Native Americans. Sarah’s family sought out a strategy of being kind and helpful to settlers coming west, and as a child, she performed shows to teach settlers about her culture. Despite much hardship as an adult, she would go on to lecture and write about her people and was one of the first Native American women to write an autobiography. Join me and learn more about this remarkable lady! Bibliography Aliano, Kelly. “Life Story: Sarah Winnemucca.” Women & the American Story, November 15, 2022. https://wams.nyhistory.org/expansions-and-inequalities/westward-expansion/sarah-winnemucca/. Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Sarah Winnemucca.” Wikipedia, June 17, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca. ———. “Truckee (Chief).” Wikipedia, July 1, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truckee_(chief). ———. “Winnemucca (Paiute Leader).” Wikipedia, May 28, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnemucca_(Paiute_leader). Eves, Rosalyn. “Sarah Winnemucca Devoted Her Life to Protecting Native Americans in the Face of an Expanding United States.” Smithsonian Magazine, July 27, 2016. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/sarah-winnemucca-devoted-life-protecting-lives-native-americans-face-expanding-united-states-180959930/. “Northern Paiute Chiefs and Leaders.” Accessed July 7, 2023. https://www.idahogenealogy.com/indian/northern_paiute_chiefs_leaders.htm. New World Encyclopedia. “Sarah Winnemucca.” Accessed July 7, 2023. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Sarah_Winnemucca. “Sarah Winnemucca – First Wave Feminisms.” Accessed July 7, 2023. https://sites.uw.edu/twomn347/2022/11/13/sarah-winnemucca/. “SARAH WINNEMUCCA – Nevada Women’s History Project.” Accessed July 7, 2023. https://nevadawomen.org/research-center/biographies-alphabetical/sarah-winnemucca/. “Sarah Winnemucca (1844?-1891).” Accessed July 7, 2023. https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/sarah_winnemucca/. “Sarah Winnemucca (U.S. National Park Service).” Accessed July 7, 2023. https://www.nps.gov/people/sarah-winnemucca.htm. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Sarah Winnemucca.” Encyclopedia Britannica, July 20, 1998. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sarah-Winnemucca. “The Paiutes: History.” Accessed July 7, 2023. https://utahindians.org/archives/paiutes/history.html. “The Shoshone – Continuing the Traditions of Their Ancestors – Legends of America.” Accessed July 7, 2023. https://www.legendsofamerica.com/na-shoshone/. The National Women’s Hall of Fame. “Winnemucca, Sarah - National Women’s Hall of Fame,” February 20, 2015. https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/sarah-winnemucca/.

Of all the queens of England Berengaria is famous for one strange fact about her reign she never stepped foot in England while she was Queen. As the wife of Richard the Lionheart Berengaria faced a heavy challenge of trying to make a marriage work with a man who was more interested in crusading than dynasty making. Come and join me on today’s episode to learn about the queen of England who likely never stepped foot in England. Bibliography Gazette665. “10 Things You Should Know About Berengaria of Navarre,” May 12, 2018. https://gazette665.com/2018/05/11/10-things-you-should-know-about-berengaria-of-navarre/. SheKnows. “Berengaria,” August 22, 2018. https://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/berengaria/. “Berengaria of Navarre.” Accessed June 18, 2023. https://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/plantagenet_37.html. New World Encyclopedia. “Berengaria of Navarre.” Accessed June 18, 2023. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Berengaria_of_Navarre. Encyclopedia.com. “Berengaria of Navarre (c. 1163–c. 1230).” Accessed June 18, 2023. https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/berengaria-navarre-c-1163-c-1230. Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Berengaria of Navarre.” Wikipedia, June 16, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berengaria_of_Navarre. ———. “Richard I of England.” Wikipedia, June 16, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_England. ———. “Sancha of Castile, Queen of Navarre.” Wikipedia, June 13, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancha_of_Castile,_Queen_of_Navarre. ———. “Sancho VI of Navarre.” Wikipedia, April 29, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancho_VI_of_Navarre. Lewis, Jone Johnson. “Berengaria: Wedded to England’s Richard the Lionhearted.” ThoughtCo, October 14, 2004. https://www.thoughtco.com/berengaria-of-navarre-3529619. Medievalists.net. “Berengaria of Navarre, Queen of England.” Medievalists.net, September 4, 2014. https://www.medievalists.net/2014/09/berengaria-navarre-queen-england/. Rodriguez, Vicente. “Navarra.” Encyclopedia Britannica, July 20, 1998. https://www.britannica.com/place/Navarra.

Zenobia of Palmyra could rival the famous Cleopatra when it came to pissing off Rome. Zenobia grew up at the daughter of a minor Syrian nobleman but when she married the king of the small but important city of Palmyra her life changed. When her husband died Zenobia took her small city and turned into an empire while simultaneously challenging the known world’s greatest power. Join me to learn the story of this awesome Syrian Queen. Bibliography Bileta, Vedran. “Who Was Queen Zenobia of Palmyra?” TheCollector, May 23, 2023. https://www.thecollector.com/who-was-queen-zenobia-of-palmyra/. Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Odaenathus.” Wikipedia, March 27, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odaenathus. ———. “Vaballathus.” Wikipedia, March 27, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaballathus. ———. “Zenobia.” Wikipedia, May 29, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenobia. Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art. “Palmyra.” The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, January 1, 1AD. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/palm/hd_palm.htm. Duncan, Mike. “When Palmyra Rivaled the Roman Empire.” Reuters, May 25, 2015. https://www.reuters.com/article/idUK270203556420150525. Arab America. “Five Things You Didn’t Know Zenobia of Palmyra,” August 25, 2021. https://www.arabamerica.com/five-things-you-didnt-know-zenobia-of-palmyra/. Mark, Joshua J. “Zenobia.” World History Encyclopedia. Accessed June 13, 2023. https://www.worldhistory.org/zenobia/. “Palmyra: The Modern Destruction of an Ancient City – Smarthistory.” Accessed June 13, 2023. https://smarthistory.org/palmyra-arches/. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica.” Encyclopedia Britannica, July 20, 1998. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Septimius-Odaenathus. Warfare History Network. “Zenobia’s Bloody War of Independence,” January 2, 2023. https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/zenobia-queen-of-palmyra/.