In this episode of Intelligent Money Minute, I had the pleasure of interviewing Larry Swedroe, head of Financial and Economic Research at Buckingham Strategic Wealth, on what an intelligent investor should do with market outlooks. The Reality of Market Forecasts Larry firmly grounds his perspective in empirical evidence, highlighting that market forecasts hold no genuine value. The research indicates that predicting the future is beyond the prowess of even the most esteemed experts. Warren Buffett, revered for his investing prowess, hasn’t entertained macro forecasts for over 25 years, emphasizing their futility in guiding long-term plans. An intriguing paradox emerges when investors revere individuals like Buffett or Peter Lynch yet often disregard their advice. Larry notes the danger of succumbing to predictions by market gurus like Jeremy Grantham, whose forecasts have often faltered, leading investors astray. The empirical evidence reaffirms that forecasting market trends accurately remains elusive. The Ark Investment Phenomenon Kathy Wood’s approach at Ark Investments soared on a narrative of disruptive technologies, akin to the late 90s tech boom. However, as Larry points out, this strategy historically led to significant volatility and long-term underperformance. Wood’s fund initially gained traction, attracting billions of dollars during its successful periods, only to face substantial challenges when those speculative trends faltered. The pattern echoes a cycle familiar in investing: rising investor interest leads to inflows, magnifying the fund’s exposure and driving up the prices of thinly traded stocks. This reinforcement ultimately feeds back into the momentum, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. However, when these high expectations are not substantiated by earnings, the bubble bursts, leaving investors vulnerable. Prudent Advice for Investors: Tune Out Market Forecasts Larry’s analysis emphasizes that while Kathy Wood’s strategies occasionally yield short-term successes, they often culminate in long-term disappointments. This rollercoaster ride in performance, influenced by speculative investments in disruptive technologies, serves as a cautionary tale for investors. Larry Swedroe’s wisdom is clear: investors should tune out market forecasts and strategists and adhere to well-crafted investment plans. Instead of chasing returns or following the latest headlines, the focus should remain on executing well-thought-out plans. He cautions against hasty reactions driven by market noise. For those seeking a financial advisor or aiming to reevaluate their investment strategies, we extend an invitation to connect with us. Our goal is to help you minimize financial stress and maximize your life’s potential through informed, tailored financial decisions. We’ll be interviewing Larry on several podcasts regarding markets, passive investing, and diversification, so be sure to subscribe to our Intelligent Money Minute podcasts. Larry was among the first authors to publish a book that explained the science of investing in layman’s terms, “The Only Guide to a Winning Investment Strategy You’ll Ever Need.” He has since authored seven more books. Larry Swedroe Bio Since joining Buckingham Strategic Wealth in 1996, Chief Research Officer Larry Swedroe has spent his time and energy educating investors on the benefits of evidence-based investing.

In this episode of Intelligent Money Minute, I had the pleasure of interviewing Larry Swedroe, head of Financial and Economic Research at Buckingham Strategic Wealth, on what an intelligent investor should do when an asset class falls out of favor. All Risk Investments: Enduring the Ebb and Flow Larry emphasizes a fundamental truth: every risk investment, whether it’s stocks, bonds, commodities, or others, experiences prolonged periods of underperformance. Investors often underestimate these cycles, mistakenly assuming that three, five, or even ten years are lengthy evaluation periods. However, historical evidence proves otherwise, with instances where the S&P 500 trailed behind treasury bills for 13-year durations occurring three times since 1929. The crux of Larry’s advice centers on diversification across various unique risks, aligning with one’s risk tolerance. This strategy, substantiated in his book, “Your Complete Guide to Factor-Based Investing,” promotes the inclusion of assets proven to offer premiums over time. Diversifying globally and including varied sources of risk—be it stocks, bonds, commodities, or currencies—reduces dependency on any single investment, mitigating the impact when a particular asset class is out of favor. Intelligent Investing: A Holistic Approach Larry Swedroe’s wisdom underscores the importance of persistence and diversification in an investor’s journey. When faced with an asset class in decline, staying committed to a diversified strategy tailored to individual risk tolerances is key. We invite you to engage with us in exploring your unique risk profile and leveraging our financial technology to fortify your investment journey. For those seeking a financial advisor or aiming to reevaluate their investment strategies, we extend an invitation to connect with us. Our goal is to help you minimize financial stress and maximize your life’s potential through informed, tailored financial decisions. We’ll be interviewing Larry on several podcasts regarding markets, passive investing, and diversification, so be sure to subscribe to our Intelligent Money Minute podcasts. Larry was among the first authors to publish a book that explained the science of investing in layman’s terms, “The Only Guide to a Winning Investment Strategy You’ll Ever Need.” He has since authored seven more books. Larry Swedroe Bio Since joining Buckingham Strategic Wealth in 1996, Chief Research Officer Larry Swedroe has spent his time and energy educating investors on the benefits of evidence-based investing. In his role as chief research officer and as a member of the firm’s Investment Policy Committee and Board of Directors, Larry regularly reviews the findings published in dozens of peer-reviewed financial journals, evaluates the outcomes and uses the result to inform the firm’s formal investment strategy recommendations. Larry’s dedication to helping others has made him a sought-after national speaker. He has made appearances on national television shows airing on NBC, CNBC, CNN and Bloomberg Personal Finance. Larry is a prolific writer, contributing regularly to multiple outlets, including Advisor Perspectives and ETF.com. Before joining Buckingham, Larry was vice chairman of Prudential Home Mortgage and senior vice president at Citicorp. Larry holds an MBA in finance and investment from NYU and a bachelor’s degree in finance from Baruch College.

In this episode, we had the pleasure of interviewing Bethany Winston, owner, and Editor-in-Chief of Kidding Around Greenville, as she shares valuable insights on assessing risk in your small business. Small Business Financial Risk: The Peaks and Valleys At Intelligent Investing, we emphasize four dimensions of risk: * Your willingness to take on risk * Your ability to manage risk * Your need for risk to meet your financial goals * The actual risk present in your investment portfolio  Bethany Winston highlighted the financial challenges inherent to her small business, which relies predominantly on advertising revenue. It’s not uncommon for income in this sector to fluctuate throughout the year. The feast-or-famine dynamic can make managing finances nerve-wracking Financial Safety Nets and Resilience Bethany wisely shared that she maintains a clear distinction between personal and business finances, a practice we strongly advocate. She sets aside specific amounts for personal income, ensuring that, even during lean periods, the business can continue to operate and pay employees. COVID-19 was a stark test for businesses. Bethany’s experience mirrored many entrepreneurs’, with traffic and client advertising taking a hit. However, she emphasized the importance of having a financial safety net to weather such storms. By diversifying her content and addressing the changed needs of her audience, she managed to not only stay afloat but also experienced increased traffic in 2020.COVID-19 was a stark test for businesses. Bethany’s experience mirrored many entrepreneurs’, with traffic and client advertising taking a hit. However, she emphasized the importance of having a financial safety net to weather such storms. By diversifying her content and addressing the changed needs of her audience, she managed to not only stay afloat but also experienced increased traffic in 2020. Living Below Your Means: A Wise Financial Habit We discussed the critical principle of living below your means, which acts as a buffer during times of financial stress. Having a game plan and the ability to pivot is pivotal to surviving and thriving through challenging times. Risk management is at the core of Intelligent Investing’s financial strategies. We offer a complimentary risk assessment to help you understand your risk tolerance and assess your portfolio’s risk. Reach out to us to get started. Small business owners face unique financial risks and rewards. When it comes to risk management, especially in your finances and financial goals, we encourage a prudent, diversified approach. The COVID-19 crisis highlighted the importance of having a financial safety net. Ensuring you can manage expenses and continue operations during challenging periods is crucial. We always advocate living below your means and having a solid financial game plan in place to navigate financial uncertainties. We’ll be interviewing Bethany on several podcasts regarding markets, passive investing, and diversification, so be sure to subscribe to our Intelligent Money Minute podcasts. Bethany Winston Bio Bethany Winston is the owner and editor-in-chief of Kidding Around Greenville & Kidding Around Spartanburg. She enjoys exploring parks, discovering local events, and meeting the people who make Greenville an amazing place to live. Kidding Around Greenville is known for tapping into the heart of Greenville and bringing readers firsthand reviews of the best things to do and see in the Upstate and Southeast region. Readers use Kidding Around® to find things to do, places to visit, and businesses and resources they need,

In this episode of Intelligent Money Minute, we had the pleasure of interviewing Larry Siegel, the director of the CFA Institute Research Foundation and a prolific investment management author. We dive into a discussion with Larry on the rise of artificial intelligence. AI’s Ever-Changing Landscape Larry Siegel began by highlighting the dynamic nature of AI technology. It’s a field that’s progressing at a breathtaking pace, making it challenging to keep a steady viewpoint. The implications of AI’s continuous evolution extend far beyond what we can currently anticipate. An anecdote from Tyler Cowen’s blog, “Marginal Revolution,” left Siegel impressed. The story was written by an AI program and exuded creative writing with a flair for evoking emotions. This starkly contrasted previous AI outputs, which Siegel found unimpressive and likened to amateurish essays. The Future of Financial Advice and AI Despite the breathtaking progress in AI, Siegel remains cautious. While acknowledging AI’s ability to process vast data sets at remarkable speed, he is skeptical about whether it can truly mimic human intelligence. The debate rages on about the extent to which AI can replicate the intricacies of the human brain. The interview delved into the question of AI’s role in financial advice. Could AI replace human advisors, particularly for intellectual tasks? Siegel’s cautious approach to AI’s evolution is timely given its potential impact on various professional fields, including finance. At Intelligent Investing, we continuously explore the intersection of technology and human intelligence. As AI develops, it’s essential to strike a balance, recognizing the strengths of both humans and machines. The future will likely demand a collaborative approach to maximize the potential of both. Larry Siegel Bio Laurence B. Siegel is the Gary P. Brinson director of research at the CFA Institute Research Foundation and an author, consultant, and speaker on investment management and economics. Before retiring from full-time work in 2009 he was director of research at the Ford Foundation and, before that, head of research at Ibbotson Associates (since acquired by Morningstar). He attended the University of Chicago (BA 1975, MBA 1977). His book, Fewer, Richer, Greener, has been published by Wiley and is available, along with his other work, at https://www.larrysiegel.org.  

In this episode of Intelligent Money Minute, I had the pleasure of interviewing Larry Swedroe, head of Financial and Economic Research at Buckingham Strategic Wealth, on the topic of whether Bitcoin is truly a good inflation hedge. Blockchain Technology’s Potential Larry Swedroe commenced the discussion by emphasizing the potential of blockchain technology, the foundation on which cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are built. The blockchain is already revolutionizing the financial sector by facilitating faster and more efficient payment transfers and record-keeping.  While the blockchain shows promise, Swedroe took a more skeptical view of Bitcoin. He pointed out that Bitcoin’s value proposition is questionable. Bitcoin has a theoretical limited supply, capped at 21 million coins. However, the existence of an unlimited number of substitute cryptocurrencies means Bitcoin faces a daunting challenge. An asset with an unlimited supply typically sees its value approach zero. Swedroe categorized Bitcoin as a Ponzi scheme, though he acknowledged that it could achieve high trading values based on what people are willing to pay. Bitcoin: A Poor Inflation Hedge Swedroe was humble in his skepticism, admitting he might be wrong. He would never recommend shorting Bitcoin. Nevertheless, he found comfort in the agreement of financial economists like John Cochran and Nobel laureate Gene Fama, who shared his view on Bitcoin’s intrinsic value. Addressing a common belief that Bitcoin is an inflation hedge, Swedroe made it clear that Bitcoin’s performance does not support this notion. Its value is highly volatile and can plummet significantly during times of rising inflation. Speculation ≠ Intelligent Investing Swedroe’s insight serves as a reminder that speculation does not equate to intelligent investing. While some may choose to speculate on Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies, such endeavors come with substantial risks and should be approached with caution. At Intelligent Investing, we prioritize serving high-net-worth clients. Through our proprietary financial technology, Intelligrations®, we help our clients minimize financial stress and maximize their quality of life. If you’re seeking a new financial advisor or haven’t had one before, we’re here to discuss your financial goals and risk tolerance. We aim to provide sound financial advice and services tailored to your unique circumstances. We’ll be interviewing Larry on several podcasts regarding markets, passive investing, and diversification, so be sure to subscribe to our Intelligent Money Minute podcasts. Larry was among the first authors to publish a book that explained the science of investing in layman’s terms, “The Only Guide to a Winning Investment Strategy You’ll Ever Need.” He has since authored seven more books. Larry Swedroe Bio Since joining Buckingham Strategic Wealth in 1996, Chief Research Officer Larry Swedroe has spent his time and energy educating investors on the benefits of evidence-based investing. In his role as chief research officer and as a member of the firm’s Investment Policy Committee and Board of Directors, Larry regularly reviews the findings published in dozens of peer-reviewed financial journals, evaluates the outcomes and uses the result to inform the firm’s formal investment strategy recommendations. Larry’s dedication to helping others has made him a sought-after national speaker.

In this episode, we had the pleasure of interviewing Bethany Winston, owner, and Editor-in-Chief of Kidding Around Greenville, as she shares valuable insights on the finances of starting a business. The Profit-First Approach Bethany shared valuable insights into her experience and how she has applied financial strategies to ensure her business’s success. She highlighted the book “Profit First” by Mike Michalowicz as a valuable resource. This book discusses transforming a business from a cash-eating monster into a money-making machine. One key lesson Bethany learned from “Profit First” is the concept of setting up separate bank accounts and allocating income into various categories. This method involves segregating income into different accounts, such as operating expenses, dividends, taxes, and profit. By doing so, entrepreneurs can ensure that they’re not only generating revenue but also consistently turning a profit. The Importance of Manual Management Bethany found that a hands-on approach allows her to assess her financial situation regularly and make informed decisions. While there might be automated solutions, the act of personally managing the finances provides a deeper understanding of the business’s financial health. We discussed the significance of planning for taxes, especially in a small business setting. Setting aside funds for taxes prevents financial stress when tax season arrives. It’s a practice that not only saves money but also eases the burden on the family and ensures the business remains in good financial standing. The 10, 20, 30, 40 Rule In addition to Bethany’s insights, I shared a simple financial plan, the “10, 20, 30, 40 Rule,” which encourages entrepreneurs to allocate percentages of their income to different financial categories. This structured approach includes dedicating a portion to giving, savings, housing, and discretionary spending. It’s a framework that can help business owners strike a balance between enjoying their earnings and securing their financial future. Bethany’s experience and the financial strategies she shared serve as a valuable resource for entrepreneurs and small business owners. Navigating the complexities of business finance requires careful planning, discipline, and the right mindset. By adopting strategies like those discussed in this episode, entrepreneurs can chart a path to financial success in their ventures. We’ll be interviewing Bethany on several podcasts regarding markets, passive investing, and diversification, so be sure to subscribe to our Intelligent Money Minute podcasts. Bethany Winston Bio Bethany Winston is the owner and editor-in-chief of Kidding Around Greenville & Kidding Around Spartanburg. She enjoys exploring parks, discovering local events, and meeting the people who make Greenville an amazing place to live. Kidding Around Greenville is known for tapping into the heart of Greenville and bringing readers firsthand reviews of the best things to do and see in the Upstate and Southeast region. Readers use Kidding Around® to find things to do, places to visit, and businesses and resources they need, helping them to make wonderful memories with their families. Credits: This blog was written in part by ChatGPT, an AI language model developed by OpenAI. The content of this blog reflects the knowledge and opinions of ChatGPT, may or may not reflect the knowledge and opinions of Intelligent Investing, and is protected by copyright laws. Please do not reproduce or distribute without giving proper credit to ChatGPT and OpenAI.

In this episode of Intelligent Money Minute, we had the pleasure of interviewing Larry Siegel, the director of the CFA Institute Research Foundation and a prolific investment management author. We dive into a discussion with Larry on the benefits of continuing to work beyond the traditional retirement age. The Financial Advantage First and foremost, extending your career offers a significant financial advantage. Most jobs pay better than the retirement benefits that follow. By working longer, you can bolster your income, reducing the need to draw from your retirement savings. This, in turn, allows your nest egg to last longer. For instance, if you retire at 70 instead of 62, you have eight fewer years of retirement to finance with your savings. This can translate to a more comfortable retirement lifestyle. Additionally, working longer provides you with an opportunity to save more, further strengthening your financial position. Mental Stimulation and Social Interaction Beyond financial considerations, working beyond the traditional retirement age offers vital mental stimulation and social interaction. Engaging in meaningful work can keep your mind sharp and active. It prevents the feeling of life becoming a waiting game, as Larry aptly puts it. The human need for intellectual engagement and social connection remains a driving force. Continuing to work allows you to maintain a sense of purpose, contribute to society, and interact with colleagues, fostering personal growth and well-being. Personal Fulfillment Larry Siegel stresses how remaining intellectually active and engaged can be personally fulfilling. By continuing to write books, give talks, and interact with colleagues and clients, he not only sustains his mental acuity but also enjoys the sense of purpose and fulfillment that comes with it. At Intelligent Investing, we understand that the transition into retirement can be challenging. Husbands and wives often have differing goals and concerns. Our mission is to unify families through effective financial communication, helping couples make a successful transition into retirement. Explore our retirement resources on our website to gain valuable insights into this transformative phase of life. We are passionate about minimizing financial stress and maximizing the quality of life for our clients. Larry Siegel Bio Laurence B. Siegel is the Gary P. Brinson director of research at the CFA Institute Research Foundation and an author, consultant, and speaker on investment management and economics. Before retiring from full-time work in 2009 he was director of research at the Ford Foundation and, before that, head of research at Ibbotson Associates (since acquired by Morningstar). He attended the University of Chicago (BA 1975, MBA 1977). His book, Fewer, Richer, Greener, has been published by Wiley and is available, along with his other work, at https://www.larrysiegel.org.  

In this episode of Intelligent Money Minute, I had the pleasure of interviewing Larry Swedroe, head of Financial and Economic Research at Buckingham Strategic Wealth, on the topic of whether gold is truly a good inflation hedge. Evaluating Gold’s Track Record Gold and Bitcoin have often been promoted as potential shields against inflation. However, to make an informed decision, we turn to empirical evidence. Let’s explore whether history validates gold’s reputation as a reliable inflation hedge. When scrutinizing gold’s performance in the face of inflation, we find surprising results. Take, for instance, the period from 2020 to 2022, a time marked by significant inflation. Curiously, gold ended this phase down by about 4%, while inflation surged by approximately 14%. In essence, gold’s value slipped by 18% in real terms, negating its purported role as an inflation hedge. An even more striking example stretches over two decades, from 1980 to 2002, a period characterized by high inflation. During these 22 years, gold lost over 85% of its real value. These historical data points prompt a reevaluation of gold’s effectiveness as an inflation hedge. Alternative Perspective Interestingly, gold’s claim to being an inflation hedge stands on firmer ground when we extend our horizon to a century or more. Across this extended span, an ounce of gold has maintained its purchasing power, reflecting its role as a long-term inflation hedge. However, this century-long hedge comes at the cost of a lack of real returns. As Intelligent Investing, we believe in providing our high-net-worth clients with well-informed financial guidance. Gold’s questionable track record as a short-term inflation hedge underscores the importance of considering other strategies to preserve wealth and manage risks. We’ll be interviewing Larry on several podcasts regarding markets, passive investing, and diversification, so be sure to subscribe to our Intelligent Money Minute podcasts. Larry was among the first authors to publish a book that explained the science of investing in layman’s terms, “The Only Guide to a Winning Investment Strategy You’ll Ever Need.” He has since authored seven more books. Larry Swedroe Bio Since joining Buckingham Strategic Wealth in 1996, Chief Research Officer Larry Swedroe has spent his time and energy educating investors on the benefits of evidence-based investing. In his role as chief research officer and as a member of the firm’s Investment Policy Committee and Board of Directors, Larry regularly reviews the findings published in dozens of peer-reviewed financial journals, evaluates the outcomes and uses the result to inform the firm’s formal investment strategy recommendations. Larry’s dedication to helping others has made him a sought-after national speaker. He has made appearances on national television shows airing on NBC, CNBC, CNN and Bloomberg Personal Finance. Larry is a prolific writer, contributing regularly to multiple outlets, including Advisor Perspectives and ETF.com. Before joining Buckingham, Larry was vice chairman of Prudential Home Mortgage and senior vice president at Citicorp. Larry holds an MBA in finance and investment from NYU and a bachelor’s degree in finance from Baruch College. Credits: This blog was written in part by ChatGPT, an AI language model developed by OpenAI. The content of this blog reflects the knowledge and opinions of...

In this episode, we had the pleasure of interviewing Bethany Winston, owner, and Editor-in-Chief of Kidding Around Greenville, as she shares valuable insights on setting and attaining financial goals. Personal and Business Financial Goals Bethany opens up about her personal financial goals, which include purchasing a home with her husband. After living in church housing for 14 years, they finally achieved their dream of buying a house next to their closest friends. Additionally, Bethany and her husband aspire to secure a comfortable retirement without burdening their children with financial responsibilities, including providing debt-free college education. On the business front, Bethany discusses the rebranding of her company as “Kidding Around Media.” Her future plans entail expanding the brand beyond Greenville, aiming for Columbia, Charleston, and Charlotte. However, she recognizes the importance of maintaining the quality of content across cities and is open to adjusting expansion plans to ensure a healthy work-life balance. The Importance of a Written Financial Plan Bethany’s journey highlights the significance of having a written plan to achieve financial goals. As we often say at Intelligent Investing, “if you fail to plan, then you’re planning to fail.” We understand the value of a well-structured financial plan for our high-net-worth clients, revisiting it annually to ensure they stay on track. At Intelligent Investing, we leverage our proprietary Intelligrations® to seamlessly integrate our clients’ financial lives. By organizing their financial details into a one-page integrations report, we simplify their journey towards financial success. Our goal is to minimize financial stress and maximize the quality of life for our clients. We’ll be interviewing Bethany on several podcasts regarding markets, passive investing, and diversification, so be sure to subscribe to our Intelligent Money Minute podcasts. Bethany Winston Bio Bethany Winston is the owner and editor-in-chief of Kidding Around Greenville & Kidding Around Spartanburg. She enjoys exploring parks, discovering local events, and meeting the people who make Greenville an amazing place to live. Kidding Around Greenville is known for tapping into the heart of Greenville and bringing readers firsthand reviews of the best things to do and see in the Upstate and Southeast region. Readers use Kidding Around® to find things to do, places to visit, and businesses and resources they need, helping them to make wonderful memories with their families. Credits: This blog was written in part by ChatGPT, an AI language model developed by OpenAI. The content of this blog reflects the knowledge and opinions of ChatGPT, may or may not reflect the knowledge and opinions of Intelligent Investing, and is protected by copyright laws. Please do not reproduce or distribute without giving proper credit to ChatGPT and OpenAI.

In this episode of Intelligent Money Minute, we had the pleasure of interviewing Larry Siegel, the director of the CFA Institute Research Foundation and a prolific investment management author. The discussion revolved around why people stop working even when it may benefit them to continue working. In this blog, Larry Siegel sheds light on the reasons behind early retirement and the potential benefits of working beyond traditional retirement years. The History of Traditional Retirement Age Larry Siegel explains that the age at which most people stop working, typically between 62 and 67, can be traced back to the 1880s when Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in Germany established the National Pension Scheme. This age has persisted through the establishment of Social Security in the US by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1935 and the subsequent eras of defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans. Tradition and inertia have played a significant role in preserving this retirement age. Additionally, physical limitations and a desire for easier work, which often coincide with age, have also influenced the decision to retire. The research indicates that for physically demanding jobs, retirement in the mid-sixties may be appropriate. However, for those in less physically demanding roles, retirement at this age might be premature. The concept of retirement has evolved, and now many of us are engaged in think work, which does not necessarily require physical stamina. For such individuals, retirement at this age may be too early, as their skills and productivity could still be valuable to the workforce. Lack of Flexibility in Retirement Decisions Despite the potential benefits of continued work, many employees face challenges in transitioning to easier roles or negotiating part-time work arrangements. Rigidity in employment laws and established customs often limit the options for workers who wish to continue working beyond the traditional retirement age. The result is that many employees are forced to retire when they could still contribute meaningfully to the workforce. The decision to retire should be individualized, considering the unique circumstances of each person and their specific employment situation. At Intelligent Investing, we believe in customizing financial strategies to suit our clients’ goals and preferences. We leverage our proprietary Intelligrations® to help our clients run various scenarios, such as unexpected health crises or part-time work arrangements, to achieve optimal financial outcomes. Our passion is to minimize financial stress and maximize the quality of life for our high-net-worth clients. Larry Siegel Bio Laurence B. Siegel is the Gary P. Brinson director of research at the CFA Institute Research Foundation and an author, consultant, and speaker on investment management and economics. Before retiring from full-time work in 2009 he was director of research at the Ford Foundation and, before that, head of research at Ibbotson Associates (since acquired by Morningstar). He attended the University of Chicago (BA 1975, MBA 1977). His book, Fewer, Richer, Greener, has been published by Wiley and is available, along with his other work, at https://www.larrysiegel.org.