While much of the big technological innovations of the past decade have emerged from the United States and China, innovation happens everywhere. The Swiss train system, for instance, has run entirely on renewable energy since the early 1960s. Why do so many prominent tech leaders now choose to live in Canada? Mehran Gul is the author of The New Geography of Innovation. In this podcast, he says the obsessive focus on Silicon Valley has obscured significant innovative models being developed in other countries.   Read the article in the IMF's Finance & Development magazine: IMF.org/fandd

Manufacturing and industrialization have long been the development strategy for many countries in Asia. But while the approach has spurred growth and lifted millions out of poverty, most jobs remain in the untraded services sector. In this podcast, Dani Rodrik says that making employment in traditional, domestic services like food, hospitality, and gig work more productive will lead to a more inclusive growth model. Rodrik is Professor of International Political Economy at Harvard Kennedy School and co-directs its Reimagining the Economy program.    Read the article in the IMF's Finance & Development magazine: IMF.org/fandd

Today's South Korean economy is a far cry from what Ha-Joon Chang was born into. But growing up, he witnessed the remarkable transformation of a largely agrarian society into an industrial powerhouse, albeit under a military dictatorship. In this podcast, the economist and best-selling author describes living through South Korea's "economic miracle" like riding a time machine. Transcript:  https://bit.ly/4gEDPfl Read the article in Finance & Development: IMF.org/FANDD

Asia has been the poster child for moving farm workers into urban manufacturing jobs to increase productivity, but is that model still the growth path? In this podcast, IMF Asia and Pacific Department head Krishna Srinivasan discusses his Finance & Development article, "Asia's New Growth Model," based on a forthcoming book.

Inflation pressures were already brewing when Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas stepped in as IMF Chief Economist in January 2022, but rising geopolitical tensions soon added fuel to the fire, and inflation remained a challenge throughout his tenure. In this podcast, outgoing Chief Gourinchas reflects on four + years marked by trade tensions, geopolitical shocks, and rapid technological change. And how the value of forecasting lies less in precise point estimates and more in articulating the underlying forces and policy implications. Transcript:  https://bit.ly/4oUrjvy

Inflation pressures were already brewing when Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas stepped in as IMF Chief Economist in January 2022, but rising geopolitical tensions soon added fuel to the fire, and inflation remained a challenge throughout his tenure. In this podcast, outgoing Chief Gourinchas reflects on four + years marked by trade tensions, geopolitical shocks, and rapid technological change. And how the value of forecasting lies less in precise point estimates and more in articulating the underlying forces and policy implications. Transcript:  https://bit.ly/4oUrjvy

As geopolitical tensions rise, countries like to flex their economic muscle. But as appealing as they might be, sanctions, tariffs, and export bans come at a price. Jeffry Frieden is a professor of international and public affairs and political science at Columbia University. In this podcast, he says when economic and geopolitical relations become tightly connected, bad things can happen. Transcript: https://bit.ly/4vxZmfU Read the article in Finance & Development: IMF.org/FANDD

Increased trade integration between economic superpowers shaped our globalized world, but that world we've known for the past three decades is becoming increasingly fragmented. What happens to those trade relationships when countries disengage? Michele Ruta is the IMF expert on trade and global imbalances. In this podcast, he says even strategic rivals can benefit from trade cooperation.  Transcript: https://bit.ly/4ebXDW0  Read the article in Finance & Development magazine. IMF.org/FANDD

State-owned enterprises have long been viewed by economists as a bad idea due to proven inefficiencies and mismanagement. But is handing over key resources and industries to the private sector really the answer? Economic historian Nicholas Mulder says, with all the geopolitical risks in the world of late, governments are looking for ways to keep essential resources under their control. Mulder is a professor of history at Cornell University. His article The New Wave of Nationalization was published in the June issue of Finance & Development magazine. In this podcast, Rhoda Metcalfe and Nicholas Mulder discuss the potential and risks of rising government ownership. Transcript: https://bit.ly/4wYy0R0  Read the article in Finance & Development magazine: IMF.org/fandd

The recent scramble for the minerals that go into our electric vehicles, solar panels, and defense systems has exposed vulnerabilities in the supply chains. Mineral markets are complex, spanning dozens of materials found around the world, but the real challenge is processing. More than 90 percent of rare earth minerals are currently processed in China. Gracelin Baskaran is the founding director of the Critical Minerals Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. In this podcast, she says mineral security is not just a national security imperative, it's an economic security imperative.  Transcript: https://bit.ly/4uBN1qu Read the article in Finance & Development magazine