What is the longest running war in U.S. history? The answer might surprise you. For over 125 years, the U.S. has been in a state of war with the Hawaiian Kingdom. We continue our conversation with Dr. Keanu Sai discussing how Hawaii became America’s so-called 50th state. The U.S. backed overthrow of Hawaii's government on January 12, 1893 triggered a state of war between the United States and the Hawaiian Kingdom, a state that continues to this day as a peace treaty has never been ratified. Two attempts to officially annex Hawaii by treaty were defeated in the U.S. Senate in large part because of overwhelming opposition to annexation by the Hawaiian people. However, support for annexation shifted in Congress in 1898 when the U.S. went to war with Spain. The Hawaiian Islands, specifically Pearl Harbor, became a highly valuable naval outpost in the Pacific campaign of the war. Congress passed a joint resolution supposedly annexing the Hawaiian Islands. The problem with this act, which paved the way to full statehood, is that congressional resolutions are domestic in authority and have no standing outside of U.S. borders. Join us for part four of our series, Strangling Hands Upon a Nation’s Throat, as we continue our journey discovering the people and events that led us to where we are today.

There is a phrase with a double meaning in Hawaiian, "ka wa ma hope,” which means to look to the future is to look at the past. When you invite a Hawaiian to look to the future, they will instinctively turn to the past. This episode is a deep dive into Hawaii’s past to answer this age-old question that has reverberated since the late 1800’s on the eight small islands in the middle of the Pacific. What is our future? We continue our journey of how Hawaii became America’s so-called 50th state this week with Dr. Keanu Sai, political scientist and professor at the University of Hawaii. Dr. Sai takes us on his personal journey into the past, sitting with his grandmother on her deathbed as she encouraged him to examine his genealogy. What this former U.S. Army veteran discovers changes him forever as he uncovers his family’s part in Hawaii’s story and the unique role he now gets to play in keeping that story and that heritage alive. Dr. Kai also takes us way behind the curtain of the story of Hawaii’s annexation, which he explains cannot be told without the story of sugar. In the later part of the 19th Century, wealthy sugar plantation owners conspired with the U.S. minister to the Kingdom of Hawaii, who shared the goal of the United State’s annexation of Hawaii. The sugar magnates wanted profits and the U.S. wanted a military base on the island called Pearl Harbor, which gave them a common enemy; the Kingdom itself, and the government upon which the Kingdom rested. Join us for part three of our series, Strangling Hands Upon a Nation’s Throat, as we learn about the people and events that led us to where we are today. Characters like Lorrin Thurston, John Stevens, King Kalakaua, Queen Lili`uokalani, the Bayonet Constitution, the Honolulu Rifles, and the landing of 160 U.S. Marines which supported the overthrow of a sovereign government to begin the march towards a falsified statehood.

Is Hawaii our 50th state? Join us for part 2 of our series, “Strangling Hands Upon a Nation’s Throat,” as we discuss how our understanding of this question underwent a total transformation while spending time in Hawaii with our guest, Lynette Cruz. We arrived assuming the Aloha state was our 50th, only to spend an evening with Lynette to learn that what we’ve believed all our lives about the state of Hawaii could not be further from the truth. We took part that evening in a reenactment of an 1897 meeting of Hawaiian residents who were part of a massive movement to oppose the annexation of the Kingdom of Hawaii by the United States. The dramatization is inspired by a journalist who witnessed the meeting and wrote an article in the San Francisco Call newspaper titled, “Strangling Hands Upon a Nation’s Throat.” In this episode, we discuss the impact of that evening, the question of sovereignty, the unique power of the aloha spirit and the profound gift Hawaii has to offer the world. As protests at Mauna Kea continue to mount, Lynette shares with us the underlying reason for their efforts. If America is to be a beacon of freedom and liberty, deriving its just powers from the consent of the governed, we believe it is time to take a serious look at the situation in Hawaii.

A new multi-part series from Undivided Nation titled, "Strangling Hands Upon a Nation's Throat," takes a look into how Hawaii became America's 50th state. The title for our series comes from an 1897 newspaper article that told the vivid, firsthand account of the Hawaiian people's opposition to annexation by the United States of America. The story of the 1893 coup d'état of the government of the Kingdom of Hawaii and Queen Liliʻuokalani by a group of local businessmen backed by the U.S. Foreign Minister and a force of 120 US Marines will leave you on the edge of your seat. Join us on this series as we uncover a largely hidden past in search of truth and justice. This series will help many non-Hawaiians understand the situation in Hawaii today, especially as it relates to the opposition to the protests against the Thirty Meter Telescope on Mauna Kea.

Meet Mimi Martinez, a beautiful young Tulsan by way of Honduras, who was gracious enough to join us for dinner during our time in our first stop of Oklahoma on a 50-state road trip. Mimi’s story, which she shares with us in vivid detail on this episode, will shake you to your core, as we relive her perilous journey at the tender age of ten from the small town in Honduras where she grew up, through Guatemala and the streets of Chiapas, Mexico on to arrive in her mother’s arms in Oklahoma. This episode will have your heart racing as you get a real life glimpse into immigration through the eyes of an immigrant who has changed our lives and perspective forever.

At what point did America lose its sense of humanity and interconnectedness as human beings, regardless of what country we belong to? As our nation wrestles with the complex issue of immigration, we wanted to introduce you to Jordan, a bright and talented individual who was brought to America when he was just two years old. As he shares his immigration story and what life was like growing up as an undocumented immigrant in America, he experienced a great shift when President Obama announced the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) policy. Jordan is one of almost 800,000 “dreamers” who entered the U.S. as children and were given the right to work and go to school in America. Our encounter with Jordan challenged us to see immigration and more importantly, immigrants, from a human perspective.

What was the underlying belief in America that led to the theft of land from its indigenous people, the enslavement of Africans, the Trail of Tears, Jim Crow, redlining, urban renewal, and gentrification? The foundational belief throughout much of our history is this misguided idea that some people are either superior or inferior because of their external physical characteristics. As our guest Dr. Gail Christopher calls it, the fallacy of a hierarchy of human value. Although there have been amazing strides towards equality in America such as the Civil War, the 13th and 19th Amendments, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Civil Rights Act, these actions were dealing with the symptoms and consequences of our underlying problem. Dr. Christopher challenges us to abandon the belief in this hierarchy and replace it with a felt sense of our sacred interconnectedness as a human family.

Erin and David welcome you into their closet in this first installment of Closet Conversations, for an intimate discussion on the highly sensitive information covered in the first nine episodes of HELLO MY NAME IS AMERICA. Sharing from the most vulnerable, painful and beautiful moments of their own journey, Erin and David walk listeners through their 50-state learning process, highlighting how the stories on this podcast have marked their lives. They also discuss the outright infuriating moments that challenged their paradigms and rearranged their understanding of everything from our American heroes to our holidays. Don’t miss this “first” of the Leaverton’s Closet Conversations, an opportunity to authentically process and an invitation to take a peak at the world through someone else’s lens.

“Do we really want to be a nation where ‘We the People,’ for the very first time, actually means all the people?” This is the challenging question Mark Charles, Navajo speaker, writer, and historian, poses to us as we continue our conversation with him in this thought-provoking two-part series, Rediscovering America. In light of our upcoming celebration of our American independence, we wrestle with this idea of American greatness. Is America great? Has America always been great? Has American ever been great? Mark dives in with us on this question as he shares his perspective on immigration from his profound perspective as a Native American.

“There is a history beyond what my history books tell me,” says Mark Charles, Navajo speaker, writer and historian. This narrative missing from the “told” American story is one that Mark embodies. It is a fresh perspective that we desperately need in America, but it is a hard reality to face. Can we challenge ourselves to hear this perspective and find a shared American truth? Join us as we discuss the foundations upon which America was built, including the Doctrine of Discovery, Manifest Destiny, the legacy of Abraham Lincoln, and the genocide of America's native people. Martin Luther King, Jr. worked for a true peace, which as he put it, requires tension. Today’s conversation is an opportunity to embrace that tension in hopes of gaining a more complete understanding of who we are and who we could become. Follow Undivided Nation: Twitter @UndivNation Facebook https://www.facebook.com/UndividedNation.US/ Follow Mark Charles on Twitter @wirelesshogan