The 18th century is generally associated with enlightenment, philospphy and science. In science Sweden followed the trend with internationally famed scientists as Linné, Celcius and Wargentin.

The 18th century saw new deals in economy. Manufactures grew, albeit not to an extent that we can talk about industrialisation. State-supported reform in agriculture also made productivity rise.

Dreams about reclaiming the territories lost to Russia in 1721 led to war in 1741. The result was not impressive. Sweden not only lost even more territories but also had to accept an heir to the throne of Russia's chosing.

Yes - Sweden had colonies. Small and shortlived, but still Sweden did hold land in North America, the West Indies and Africa.

After the death of Karl XII a war weary Sweden entered into hard peace treaties and reformed government.

During the "long 17th century", from 1560-1718, Sweden had seen far more years of war than of peace. How could Sweden afford this, and what was the price?

In 1707 Karl attacked Russia, but was hampered by insufficient support and Russian winter. Instead the army turned southeast, to Ukraine, where it was defeated at Poltava in 1709.

Karl XII was deemed mature enough to be king only 15 years old. Sweden's enemies thought that a young king sounded like a great opportunity, so from 1700 Sweden was at war with Denmark, Poland and Russia.

Sweden had grown since 1560. New territories had to be governed, sometimes incorporated in a way that the population was supposed to become "Swedish".

Karl XI focused on peace - not altogether successfully - and on strenthening his own power at the cost of the nobility. By the end of his reign Sweden was an absolute monarchy.