Tonight we have Bram Duffee PhD, EMT-P on to talk about critical incident stress and management of psychological emergency communication. Bram is a paramedic, professor, author, and podcaster. He’s most recently written the book “Psychological Emergency Communication and Care by First Responders” along with Joseph Brigandi, MD, M.Ed., NCC, LPC-S. You can reach out to Bram at ProfessorBram.com. The episode included our disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin and was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Psychological Emergency Communication Book Discussion Bram discussed his recent book “Psychological Emergency Communication and Care by First Responders,” which he co-authored with Joseph Bergondi, a counselor and psychotherapist. Bram shared his background as a 30-year paramedic in Houston and a communications professor at Kennesaw State University in Georgia. The group also discussed Bram’s podcast focused on EMS research and plans to potentially connect Bram with Dr. Joe in the future to discuss research topics. Psychological Emergency Response Guide Sam and Bram discussed a practical guide for navigating psychological emergency situations designed for first responders including police officers, firefighters, paramedics, EMTs, dispatchers, and lifeguards. Bram explained that while first responders receive basic training in psychology, they often lack extensive expertise in this area and tend to categorize patients rather than understanding their underlying issues. The book, co-authored by Bram and Joseph Bergandi, aims to help first responders better communicate with psychological patients by teaching them about these issues while emphasizing that their role is to observe, manage risk, and neutralize situations rather than diagnose. Psychiatric Emergency Response Training Bram and Sam discussed the challenges of managing psychiatric emergencies in first responder situations, emphasizing the need for better communication training. Bram highlighted that current national standard curricula lack sufficient focus on psych patient care and suggested increasing training requirements for communication skills in emergency medical services. He also noted the importance of training for police officers and firefighters who often encounter psychiatric emergencies, advocating for the inclusion of communication skills alongside other technical training. Continuing Education Programs for Responders Jamie asked about examples of systems with robust continuing education programs for responders to build communication skills. Bram responded that some systems have psych response teams, including Harris County, Texas, but noted these teams typically aren’t the first line of contact during emergencies, with police officers often being the initial responders. Psychological First Aid Strategies Bram discussed his approach to psychological first aid, emphasizing the nocebo effect and the importance of using positive language to help traumatic situations. He explained strategies for working with psych patients, including having a single leader, validating patients’ experiences, and leveraging grandiosity. Bram also mentioned his book, which provides tips and phrases for different emergency responders and includes a glossary of psychological conditions aligned with DSM-5 standards. Naloxone Administration and Responder Burnout The discussion focused on naloxone administration in overdose cases, where Bram shared his experience as a paramedic, explaining that not all patients need to be fully revived and there are risks of causing delirium or violence when patients wake up suddenly. Bram discussed responder burnout, attributing it to both personal accountability issues and inadequate management training, particularly highlighting the need for managers to develop proper leadership skills. The group agreed to have Bram return for a future episode to discuss disaster management and large-scale incident response, as this topic was not fully covered in the current conversation. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

In this episode of the Disaster Podcast, we discuss numerous disaster events that struck around the world in the last week. First is a look at the volcano, Kīlauea, on the island of Hawaii which is showing evidence of a pending eruption due to seismic activity. U.S. Geological scientists on site are monitoring the situation and preparing for potential evacuations once the lava starts flowing. An earthquake in Columbia this week has left hundreds dead and many more missing still as rescue and recovery efforts continue. Rescue teams from the US and other nearby countries came in to lend aid in the USAR efforts. Many severe weather events passed through the midwest. Our disaster meteorologist expert, Dan DePodwin wasn’t available on the show this week, but sent in a report on several important events. A derecho with 90+ mph winds tore through parts of the Midwest and Ohio Valley on Tuesday. The winds caused 800,000 customers to lose power as thunderstorms with destructive winds moved from eastern Iowa to eastern Kentucky. Derechos are widespread, severe windstorms caused by a line of severe thunderstorms. Derecho Facts Page In the U.S. there are 95 large fires ongoing with 3.9 million acres burning from active fires. The majority of the large fires are in Oregon and Washington, east of the Cascades. There is little relief in site with little to no rain expected over the next few weeks. This is a typically dry time of year but the ongoing drought and recent bouts of windy conditions have made it a particularly intense fire season. The Pacific Northwest starts to get cooler and wetter later in September as they head into the wet season. In the U.S., this is the worst fire season “year to date” over the last 10 years. The most comparable year to date is 2017 when 6.3 million acres had burned by this point in the year. National Interagency Fire Center The episode also featured Dr. Joe Holley and was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Recent Disaster Events Discussion The main discussion focused on recent disaster events, starting with the Kilauea volcano eruption in Hawaii, which lasted nearly 11 hours and followed a previous magnitude 6.0 earthquake in June. The conversation then shifted to a 7.4 earthquake in Western Columbia that resulted in 250 deaths, with 87 people rescued and 28 FEMA task forces deployed, including Virginia Task Force One and DMATs providing medical support. Global Natural Disaster Response Updates The group discussed recent natural disasters and emergency responses across multiple regions. Sam reported on Typhoon Dolphin in China, which caused evacuations of 1 million people and a deadly landslide in Chongqing that killed 8 people, along with a coal mine explosion in Shangji that resulted in 90 fatalities. Joe mentioned that Tennessee experienced localized but significant flash flooding, while Jamie noted that Pennsylvania’s western regions might have been affected by flooding in mountainous areas. The discussion concluded with information about a derecho that hit the Midwest and Ohio valleys, causing winds over 90 mph and power outages affecting 800,000 customers. Natural Disasters Global Update The group discussed various natural disasters affecting different regions. Sam reported on wildfires in the US Northwest, noting that 6.4 million acres have burned in 2026, making it the worst fire season in a decade. Joe described recent weather events in Tennessee, including heavy thunderstorms, high winds, and excessive heat with temperatures reaching 110 plus degrees. The discussion concluded with Sam providing details about Tropical Storm Layla approaching Hawaii, which could bring up to a foot of rain, flash flooding, wind gusts of 60-80 miles per hour, and potential storm surge. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

ER Doctor and toxicologist Peter Akpunonu from the Kentucky Poison Control Center joins us on the show this week. He’s also joined by Tim Conley from MedGlobal. We talk about the unique challenges seen during disasters when there is a need to contact poison control centers. Poison Centers are 24/7/365 emergency hotlines. 70% of the people who call poison control centers are able to be managed and advised so they can remain at home. This results in a huge savings in needless healthcare costs. Previous Disaster Podcast Episode on Med Global with Tim Conley The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Disaster Podcast Episode Planning Jamie and Sam welcomed Peter Akapanu, an ER doctor and toxicologist who runs Kentucky’s Poison Control Center, as a guest. The conversation briefly touched on weather conditions in different regions and introduced Tim Conley, from MedGlobal. Poison Control Center Functions Peter discussed common unintentional poisonings, including children accessing medications at home and seasonal mushroom and plant exposures. He explained that poison control centers serve as a 24/7 medical lifeline staffed by toxicologists, pharmacists, and nurses who provide treatment recommendations to keep people out of emergency rooms and save healthcare costs. Peter highlighted the centers’ capabilities in disaster scenarios, where they can scale operations and assist first responders with triage and guidance. Poison Control Protocols for First Responders The discussion focused on poison control procedures and protocols for first responders. Peter explained that while he can provide guidance and recommendations, he cannot give medical orders, and emphasized that field providers should first treat the patient in front of them with symptomatic and supportive care. Jamie shared that in Maryland, the poison center is integrated into the med radio system and can be accessed alongside medical direction, though they cannot issue orders either. The conversation highlighted how toxicologists like Peter can provide valuable guidance over the phone, including information about chemical properties, severe effects, and necessary protections, though they must communicate one step at a time and focus on basic recommendations. Poisoning Situations and Provider Awareness Sam and Peter discussed the importance of field providers gaining information about potential poisoning situations to take appropriate precautions. They shared experiences about unknown toxic exposures, including Sam’s story about a patient who had ingested Jimson weed. Peter emphasized the need for providers to maintain situational awareness and trust their instincts when dealing with altered mental status cases, suggesting that poison control should be considered early in the differential diagnosis process. Poison Treatment and Response Strategies The group discussed what responders have available in ambulances for treating poisonings, with Peter confirming that most necessary treatments involve medications already carried by emergency services. Sam and Peter discussed how toxicologists use the principle that “the difference between poison and cure is a dose” when treating various poisonings. Jamie shifted the discussion to how poison centers adapt their response during major disasters like hurricanes, flooding, or chemical releases, though this portion of the conversation was cut off in the transcript. Poison Centers in Disaster Response Peter explained how poison centers operate as 24/7 public health services that report data to the National Poison Data System every 7 minutes, which helps identify patterns and anomalies across the country. He described the collaborative network of poison centers that can provide mutual assistance during large events or disasters, with centers able to track and follow up on cases across different states. Peter also detailed specific disaster-related issues, noting that while tornadoes cause trauma concerns, poison center problems typically arise from utility disruptions leading to carbon monoxide exposures from generators and potential mold issues after floods. Poison Center Emergency Support Role Peter explained that while poison centers don’t typically handle disasters directly, they can provide essential support during emergencies like sewage line disruptions, floods, and snake bites. He described how poison centers can help determine treatment needs, provide antidote guidance, and coordinate with hospitals across the state 24/7. Peter also clarified that the national hotline number 1-800-222-1222 routes calls to local poison centers based on area codes, and during overwhelming situations, calls can be automatically routed to other states through their IT infrastructure. Poisoning Prevention Advice Meeting The meeting focused on preventing poisonings, with Peter providing general advice including keeping cleaning supplies locked up, properly labeled, and out of reach of children, and using pill minders effectively. The group discussed where listeners could find them online, with Peter providing his email address and Tim mentioning his new position with MedGlobal. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Disaster Meteorologist Dan DePodwin joins us again today on the show. We look at recent severe weather impacts on the U.S. including Tropical Storm Bertha skirting the gulf coast of the United States. Bertha had two landfall impacts with most of the issues caused due to flooding inland and local storm surge on the coast. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Tropical Storm Bertha Update The meeting focused on Tropical Storm Bertha, which has been downgraded to a tropical depression. Dan explained that while the storm caused some flooding and storm surge in Louisiana and Texas, its overall impact would likely be minimal and short-lived. He noted that Bertha’s unusual westward movement into Mexico rather than eastward was due to wind shear, and that the storm would not significantly impact the northeastern United States over the weekend. Western US Flash Flood Risks Dan discussed weather conditions in the western United States, highlighting the risks of flash flooding from heavy thunderstorms in mountainous regions like Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. He explained that even small amounts of rain can quickly cause dangerous flash floods due to the terrain’s rapid channeling of water through rivers, creeks, and dry washes. Dan recommended using NOAA Weather Radio for alerts in remote areas without cell service and advised starting outdoor activities early in the morning to avoid afternoon thunderstorms. Flash Flooding Risk and Preparedness Dan and Sam discussed the risks of flash flooding in low-lying areas during summer, particularly referencing a tragic flood at Camp Mystic in Texas that killed over 100 people. Dan explained that while overall precipitation may not have increased significantly, heavy rain events are becoming more intense due to climate change, which causes more flash flooding. The discussion covered practical flood preparedness measures, including checking FEMA maps for flood zones, considering insurance, and creating drainage solutions, with Dan sharing an example of Becky clearing a clogged street drain during a recent storm. Heat and Storm Safety Guidance Dan discussed the current heat wave affecting the western United States, particularly the desert southwest, with Phoenix expected to reach 110 degrees. He advised people to stay hydrated, seek shade, and do outdoor activities early in the day to avoid the dangerous heat. The discussion also covered hurricane preparedness, with Dan explaining that people in hurricane-prone areas should consider evacuation plans and have emergency supplies ready, noting that hurricanes typically provide advance warning unlike flash floods. Regarding tornado safety, Dan advised having a way to receive warnings and knowing where to go for shelter, particularly recommending interior basement locations if available. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Tim Conley joins us on the Disaster podcast this week to look at the international response to two concurrent disasters. In his role and Chairman of the Board with Med Global and as a co-founder of Interstate Disaster Medical Collaborative (IDMC), Tim discusses how these organizations are working to help manage the Ebola outbreak response in Africa while they simultaneously send teams to assist with medical care of victims following the earthquakes in Venezuela. Previous Disaster Podcast Episode on Med Global in Ukraine MedGlobal provides free, sustainable healthcare services to refugees, displaced persons, and other vulnerable communities in crisis areas and low-resource settings worldwide. They deploy healthcare volunteers, support local medical teams and humanitarian partners with training, funding, and technology, and donate medical equipment, medications and supplies. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary New Board Chair Introduction Meeting Sam introduced Tim Conley as the new chair of the board and vice president of MedGlobal, explaining how they first connected in 2006 when Sam was building a disaster team for California and sought Tim’s expertise from the Illinois team. Tim described his current roles as an emergency management supervisor for Mercy Health and his work with MedGlobal’s emergency management and chemical weapons programs, noting his ongoing liaison with IDMC which he helped found. The discussion focused on MedGlobal’s current global healthcare initiatives, including responses in Ukraine, Gaza, Syria, Lebanon, Colombia, and other locations, as well as their work in Ebola and Venezuela responses. MedGlobal Healthcare Mission Discussion Sam discussed MedGlobal’s mission of providing free sustainable healthcare to refugees and vulnerable communities through deploying healthcare volunteers and building resilient healthcare systems. Tim explained that his role in emergency management involves providing tools and systems to healthcare providers so they can effectively respond to emergencies, noting that while the concept is simple in description, it’s more complex in practice. The discussion highlighted MedGlobal’s international training programs, including chemical weapons response and surgical techniques, with examples from Ukraine, Gaza, and Bangladesh. International Medical Logistics Coordination Tim discussed the logistical challenges of working with international medical communities, noting that physical movement of materials and coordinating with local partners and governments are the main hurdles, especially in countries like Ukraine, Ebola outbreak regions, and Venezuela. He explained that working with organizations like WHO is crucial for navigating local regulations and ensuring proper distribution of PPE and training programs that align with local practices and WHO recommendations. International Medical Aid Challenges The discussion focused on the challenges of providing medical equipment and training in international aid situations. Sam shared an example from Ukraine where outdated equipment was sent without proper training, leading to the equipment being unused. Jamie asked about balancing access to modern technology with local healthcare system capabilities, to which Zoom responded that it’s crucial to assess what the local system can sustain long-term, noting that healthcare systems often excel in some areas while lacking in others. Ebola Response in Ukraine Challenges The discussion focused on the challenges of responding to the Ebola outbreak in Ukraine, with participants noting the complex logistics due to the strain of the virus, detection difficulties, and ongoing conflicts in the region. Tim explained that Med Global is working with the WHO to determine the best locations for setting up training programs, considering factors like responder fatigue and logistical access. The conversation highlighted the importance of addressing both physical and mental health challenges for first responders, with participants acknowledging the long-term emotional toll of working in dangerous environments with limited PPE and family support. Volunteer Disaster Preparedness Training Challenges Tim discussed the challenges of preparing volunteers for different disaster scenarios, noting that while MedGlobal staff and volunteers receive training from healthcare professionals and emergency managers, there is no single recipe for mental preparation due to varying dangers like Ebola outbreaks, local conflicts, and natural disasters. Tim emphasized the importance of proper training, including PPE use and safety protocols, and mentioned specific examples like emergency management volunteers providing safety training in Venezuela after an earthquake. The discussion concluded with Sam considering the situation of federal employees eager to join USAR and DMAT teams but waiting for disaster deployments. Venezuela Earthquake Relief Efforts Tim explained their earthquake relief efforts in Venezuela, describing how they are working with NGOs and local authorities through advanced teams that are conducting assessments and establishing logistics for medical supplies and patient care. The discussion highlighted the challenges of accessing the country and the importance of planning for needs 2-3 weeks ahead rather than immediate requirements. Sam noted similarities to their previous experience with Ukraine relief efforts, mentioning concerns about distribution, security, and implementation logistics. Venezuela Earthquake Disaster Response The group discussed the situation in Venezuela following an earthquake, with Jamie reporting that official death tolls are likely underreported, with estimates ranging from 3,700 to potentially 10,000 or more deaths. Tim highlighted the dedication of disaster response teams, including medical professionals and volunteers, who willingly enter dangerous areas to help others despite personal risks. The conversation also covered the collapsed chronic disease care system in Gaza, where healthcare infrastructure has been destroyed, leading to significant problems with untreated medical conditions. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

On this week’s episode of the Disaster Podcast, we chat with Dr. Tehnaz Boyle. Dr. Boyle is a pediatric emergency physician and a scientist who studies how to use technology to bring expert care to disaster situations remotely. She works with Health Tech Without Borders who we talked about three years ago on the show related to their work during the early days of the Ukraine war. Previous Disaster Podcast Episode on Health Tech Without Borders Health Tech Without Borders is a global non-profit organization aiming to mitigate healthcare crises by leveraging digital tools and technology to provide immediate access to health resources. They work in disaster and war torn areas of the world to bring medical and health expertise. ASPR Telemedicine Program Site The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis and they were joined by Disaster Emergency Management expert Becky DePodwin. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Global Earthquake Response Discussion The team discussed recent earthquake events, including a 7.2 magnitude earthquake followed by a 7.5 magnitude earthquake in Venezuela, along with additional earthquakes in Northern California and Japan. Becky explained that the back-to-back high-magnitude quakes in Venezuela would likely worsen the already devastating impact, with many older structures built in the 1950s and 1960s failing to meet modern earthquake safety standards. The discussion highlighted that USAID’s traditional role in international disaster response is no longer available, creating a gap in global disaster relief efforts. The team planned to have a more detailed discussion about the Venezuela situation in next week’s episode, including updates on response efforts from organizations like Med Global and Health Tech Without Borders. Health Tech Without Borders Overview Tehnaz, an associate professor and pediatric emergency medicine physician at Boston Medical Center, explained Health Tech Without Borders, a nonprofit that uses digital tools to provide access to medical care during humanitarian emergencies. She described their work in Ukraine, where they partnered with local providers and international clinicians to deliver telehealth services to displaced populations. Tehnaz also discussed the organization’s role as an innovative hub connecting companies with medical experts, and highlighted the potential for AI and satellite communications to enhance their capabilities in providing remote care. Telehealth Applications and Remote Monitoring Tehnaz explained various telehealth applications including digital consultations, remote patient monitoring, and digital therapeutics, using examples from Ukraine and burn care centers in the US. She described how remote monitoring could allow patients to receive care at home instead of in long-term facilities, particularly benefiting those in healthcare deserts and rural areas. When asked about connected medical equipment, Tehnaz noted that while many devices can connect to networks, not all collected data is necessarily helpful or interpretable, requiring research to determine useful signals from noise. Telehealth in Crisis Response Tehnaz discussed Health Tech Without Borders’ work in providing telehealth services and training for clinicians in crisis areas, including Ukraine. She explained the challenges of licensing and governance barriers for remote clinicians, particularly across different jurisdictions. Tehnaz highlighted ongoing research into streamlining these barriers and developing AI tools to enhance telehealth capabilities, including potential applications for pediatric patients. The group expressed interest in having Tehnaz and Jerone return for future discussions about disaster response and telemedicine deployment. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Dr. Joe Holley On this episode of the Disaster Podcast, Dr. Joe Holley joins us to share his insights following the 2026 Gathering of Eagles Conference recently held in Florida. This annual conference brings together the EMS leaders and physicians from the largest cities and jurisdictions. Its purpose is to give them a chance to share new science and trends in the field and find consensus on where best practices lie in those trends. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Midwest Tornado Weather Discussion The podcast episode focused on severe weather conditions in the Midwest, particularly tornadoes. Dan explained the meteorological ingredients needed for tornado formation, including warmth, moisture, wind shear, and atmospheric conditions. He noted that while Illinois had experienced a record number of tornadoes in June, the actual number of tornadoes on the day discussed was lower than expected, though there were significant wind damage reports and hail. The weather discussion concluded with a brief mention of weather concerns for upcoming World Cup events, particularly regarding uncovered stadiums in areas prone to summer storms. Severe Weather and Emergency Planning The group discussed the end of the Midwest severe weather season and the impact of Tropical Storm Arthur, which caused catastrophic flooding in Louisiana and Mississippi. Becky mentioned the emergency preparedness planning for World Cup events and suggested getting a Philadelphia emergency management official on a podcast after the tournament. Dan explained that while Arthur was short-lived, it demonstrated how tropical systems can cause significant impacts regardless of category, and noted there was a slight chance it could reform off the East Coast. Gathering of Eagles Conference Overview Joe explained that the Gathering of Eagles meeting is the annual conference of the Metropolitan EMS Medical Directors Global Alliance, bringing together medical directors from large cities worldwide to discuss challenges and share experiences. The conference was held in Florida in conjunction with the Florida State EMS Conference, consisting of several days of state-of-the-science presentations and discussions on problematic issues. This year’s meeting focused on topics including mass gathering medicine, weather-related concerns, VIP management, immigration issues, infectious diseases, and terrorism-related threats. World Cup Event Preparation Planning The group discussed preparations for large events like the World Cup, focusing on challenges such as managing non-English speaking athletes and fans, potential health risks including infectious diseases, and ensuring public safety. Joe highlighted new scientific advancements in pre-hospital care, including blood transfusions and trauma treatment. Becky emphasized the importance of local planning and coordination in emergency management. The team agreed to conduct a deeper dive into event planning and preparation after the games, potentially involving experts like Kyle for insights into event management. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

First Line Tech CEO Amit Kapoor On this episode of the Disaster Podcast, Amit Kapoor, CEO of First Line Technology joins the show to talk about hazardous materials and decontamination techniques and tools. Among the novel tools and techniques are methods of Dry Decon which uses methods other than washing and dilution with copious amounts of water. First Line Technology designs and manufactures disaster preparedness and emergency response equipment – taking ideas from the Lab to Life-Saving Products. Among those products is FiberTect. This is a multi-layered, nonwoven composite designed to absorb and adsorb hazardous substances, including CWAs and TICs. Its lightweight, flexible design ensures easy use in emergency response and field operations. B-A-R Method Training teaches the Blot, Apply, Remove technique for effective decontamination. This structured approach ensures proper contaminant removal while maximizing efficiency and safety in the field. The BAR method is trusted by professionals to simplify decontamination while maintaining safety and effectiveness in high-stakes scenarios. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary CBRN Technology for First Responders Sam and Jamie discussed weather conditions, with Sam reporting dry weather in rural Missouri and Jamie updating on Tropical Storm Amanda in the eastern North Pacific. Amit Kapoor, president and CEO of Firstline Technology, joined the conversation to discuss his company’s 23-year focus on developing technology for first responders and first receivers, particularly in CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear) situations. Sam highlighted the importance of CBRN protection for first responders, sharing a personal experience about a paramedic who developed chemical pneumonia during a hazmat incident. CBRN Contamination Decontamination Methods AmitKapoor discussed the gap in secondary contamination issues during CBRN and hazmat incidents, focusing on challenges in transporting contaminated casualties to hospitals. He explained the differences between dry and wet decon methods, noting that dry decon eliminates the need for water, making it safer and more practical in various environments. AmitKapoor mentioned the PRISM study conducted by HHS, which provided scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of dry decon methods. Emergency Decontamination Misconceptions Discussion Amit Kapoor discussed common misconceptions about decontamination (Decon) in emergency medical services and fire communities. He explained that decon is often viewed as unattractive compared to more exciting aspects like detection and triage, and highlighted two key misconceptions: how clean is clean, and that decon has been overcomplicated. Amit emphasized the importance of hybrid decon approaches combining dry and wet methods, and stressed that while there’s no silver bullet solution, having the right knowledge and tools is crucial, particularly noting that water and dilution are not always the best approaches. CBRN Patient Decontamination Method AmitKapoor explained the BAR method (Blot, Apply, Remove) for decontaminating patients at CBRN incidents using FiberTech material, which is a DOD-funded textile containing activated carbon that absorbs and holds chemical threats. He demonstrated the method using a kitchen cleaning analogy, showing how contamination should first be blotted up, then a cleaning solution applied, and finally any remaining contamination removed. Jamie expressed interest in learning more about organizations’ responses to this approach and requested more information about presentations at conferences. Hospital Decontamination Systems Training Amit Kapoor discussed hospital decontamination systems and training approaches, explaining how his company provides modular decon kits (MDK) that can scale from single patients to mass casualties, along with comprehensive training programs including online courses and a free Decon Field Guide app. The discussion highlighted the importance of proper decon training, with Amit noting that many hospitals only train staff once yearly on outdated mass-casualty protocols rather than addressing everyday contamination scenarios. T he conversation also covered access to training resources through Firstline Technology’s learning management system and the need for better preparation across fire departments, EMS agencies, and hospitals for various contamination threats. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

This week on the Disaster Podcast Dr. Joe Holley comes on the show for a clinical update episode on Heat-Related Medical Emergencies. As we head into the summer months here in the Northern Hemisphere, the likelihood of encountering patients with heat emergencies increases. For disaster responders in the summertime, the risks are even greater as they wear gear and carry equipment that adds to their load while working in hot weather. Co-Hosts Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis join Joe on the discussion. Types of heat emergencies Heat Cramps – The symptoms of heat cramps include painful involuntary muscle spasms brought on by loss of sodium through excessive sweating. Most often seen in people exerting themselves in extreme heat situations without rehydrating themselves or taking adequate breaks to allow the body cool down. Heat Exhaustion – Next on the spectrum of heat emergencies is heat exhaustion which progresses from heat cramps as the body starts to lose the ability to compensate for lack of adequate cooling. Symptoms include early signs of shock like dizziness, nausea, cool, pale, and clammy skin. Heat Stroke – The most severe level of heat emergency is heat stroke which is a true medical emergency that may result in permanent disability or death. Hot, dry skin, loss of consciousness, and complete failure of the body’s cooling mechanisms are key signs. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Heat Safety and Weather Discussion The group discussed weather conditions and heat safety. Sam shared updates about her new home in Missouri, including drainage issues due to lower acreage and recent heavy rains. Joe explained how humidity affects the body’s cooling system, noting that high humidity makes sweat less effective at evaporating and cooling the body, which can increase the risk of heat illness for people transitioning from drier climates. Heat Illness Spectrum and Prevention Joe explained the spectrum of heat illnesses, from heat cramps (caused by heavy sweating and salt loss leading to muscle cramps) to heat exhaustion (when cooling mechanisms fail and body temperature rises, causing symptoms like nausea, dizziness, and clammy skin) to heat stroke (when internal temperature exceeds 104°F with severe neurological and cardiovascular effects). Jamie asked about factors affecting the progression from milder to severe heat illness, to which Joe responded that various factors including physical condition, medical conditions, medications, ambient conditions, and physical activity all influence how quickly someone might progress through the heat illness spectrum. Joe emphasized the importance of prevention through proper education, preparation, and having readily available cooling methods, noting that work cycles may need to be limited in extreme heat conditions. Heat Management in Disaster Situations Joe explained that preparing for heat management in disaster situations is crucial, especially for first responders working in austere environments with limited support systems. He highlighted the increased physical and mental demands of search and rescue operations in debris-filled areas following adverse weather conditions. When asked about immediate actions for heat stroke emergencies, Joe indicated that it is a life-threatening situation requiring immediate attention, though the specific response was not fully detailed in the transcript. Heat Stroke Treatment Techniques Joe shared his experience with a 16-year-old who suffered heat stroke during football practice, explaining the importance of cooling techniques like exposing skin, using water and fans, and eventually ice baths for treatment. He emphasized the need to monitor body temperature and avoid overcooling, noting that recovery from heat stroke typically requires intensive care and is not possible in the field. When asked by Jamie about managing teams in extreme conditions, Joe’s response was cut off at the end of the transcript. Heat Safety Response Procedures Joe explained the primary methods for managing heat safety during responses, including the buddy system and using cooling stations like ambulances or air-conditioned vehicles with vital sign monitoring every 30 minutes. He noted that dogs can only work for about 15 minutes in hot weather before needing downtime due to their fur covering and inability to communicate thirst effectively. Heat Stress Signs in Dogs The discussion focused on recognizing signs of heat stress in dogs, with Joe explaining that behavioral changes, lack of response to commands, stumbling, heavy panting, and laying down in cool areas are key indicators. Joe noted that dogs primarily regulate temperature through panting rather than sweating, and mentioned that temperatures over 103 degrees are considered high for dogs, with many dogs having temperature chips for monitoring. Jamie emphasized the importance of refreshing knowledge about heat stress as summer and hurricane season approach, highlighting the need for people to know their limitations and watch out for each other during emergency responses. Paragon Training Activities Planning Joe discussed upcoming training activities for Paragon, including attending the Gathering of Eagles conference in Florida and conducting cadaver-based procedural training for paramedic programs. The group shared their social media handles and podcast information, with Jamie encouraging listeners to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast. The conversation concluded with well-wishes for Joe’s upcoming conference trip and acknowledgment of his busy schedule. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

This week on the Disaster Podcast we take a look at the 2026 hurricane forecast put out by several universities, NOAA, and groups like Accuweather. One key variable in predicting the coming season is the presence or absence of El Niño or La Niña in the equatorial region of the central Pacific Ocean. Dan DePodwin, our disaster weather expert breaks down the coming forecast and talks about how global weather and climate patterns impact storm formation half a world away. Dr. Joe Holley joins the discussion as well and we look at the messaging around hurricanes as they approach landfall. The National Hurricane Center recently updated their forecast cone graphic to make it easier to understand. Dan and Joe share their thoughts about the adjustments and about disaster messaging in general. Joe also shares his thoughts about preparedness for the coming season at the local, state, and federal levels. What to know about the new cone graphic: Incorporates all land-based (coastal and inland) tropical storm and hurricane watches and warnings in effect for the continental United States, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Uses single shading for the entire 5-day outlook cone; Legend depicts symbols for areas where a hurricane watch and tropical storm warning are both in effect (represented by diagonal pink and blue lines); and Full and intermediate Tropical Cyclone Advisories are/will be publicly available on hurricanes.gov. NHC will also be introducing a new experimental version of the NHC’s Tropical Cyclone Track Forecast Cone. Since its debut in 2002, the cone has shown where the tropical cyclone’s forecast center is likely to go, based on past forecast calculations. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Hurricane Season Forecast Discussion The podcast host Jamie Davis welcomed back Dr. Joe and Dan Depodwin to discuss upcoming weather events, particularly the hurricane season. Dr. Joe shared his upcoming schedule, including a Paragon lab in Florida and the First Care Conference in Fort Lauderdale in early June, which runs alongside the Gathering of the Eagles event. Dan discussed unusual weather patterns in the Northeast, noting chilly conditions in May despite early warm spells, and shared AccuWeather’s forecast for the Atlantic hurricane season, predicting 11-16 named storms and 4-7 hurricanes, which is around or slightly below average. He emphasized that even in a below-average season, multiple hurricanes could still impact the United States, using Hurricane Andrew in 1992 as an example. El Nino’s Impact on Hurricanes Dan and Jamie discussed how El Nino and La Nina affect hurricane seasons in the Atlantic Basin. Dan explained that El Nino, characterized by warmer than average water temperatures in the Pacific, typically leads to increased wind shear in the Atlantic, resulting in fewer hurricanes. They noted that while El Nino years generally have fewer storms, they don’t eliminate the possibility of storms. Dan mentioned that current forecasts indicate a strong or potentially record-breaking El Nino developing later in the summer and continuing into the fall. El Niño and Hurricane Season Dan explained that El Niño is driven by weakening easterly winds along the equator in the Pacific Ocean, which reduces cooler water upwelling and leads to warmer ocean temperatures. He noted that hurricanes play a crucial role in transferring energy globally by moving heat from the equator to higher latitudes. Dan emphasized that while this year’s hurricane season may have fewer storms than normal, the warm sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico will continue to fuel storm intensification, making preparation essential during the season running from June 1st to November 30th. Hurricane Preparedness and Response Planning The group discussed hurricane preparedness and response capabilities ahead of the upcoming hurricane season. Joe explained FEMA’s reorganization, noting that while federal response capabilities are effective, there may be variability in state-level preparedness and recovery efforts. The discussion included an analysis of updated National Hurricane Center forecast cone graphics, which now better show inland risks and warning areas. Dan and Joe emphasized the importance of heeding evacuation orders and preparing well in advance of storms, with Joe highlighting the need for experiential training and partnership between federal and state teams. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!