Neuroinflammatory mediators play a critical role in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia, exerting either deleterious effects on the progression of tissue damage or beneficial roles during recovery and repair.

These processes occur throughout life and involve the immune system, biochemical pathways, cellular turnover and alteration of gene expression.

Signal transduction cascades allow for genome editing to epigenomic mediation of metabolic event ontologies.

Aging is a process whereby these processes lose specificity and valence, increasingly functioning without appropriate fine control leading to the potential for chronic and more rarely, acute disease states that ultimately result in mortality