This is the third of three episodes on archeological activities that have taken place in Algonquin Park  since the late 1930s. The focus in Part III  is  to share insights into the archeological work that has been done in the Park since the 1990s. Most of the investigations have been initiated by private archeologists with permission from the then Park Authorities.  This musical interlude is called Algonquin Provincial Park and comes from Dan Gibson’s Solitudes National Parks and Sanctuaries CD. It is brought to you with the approval of Digital Funding LLC. Solitudes music can be found wherever you get your music streaming. For this series, I’ve relied on a number of key sources including: Rory MacKay’s Algonquin Park – A Place Like No Other and Spirits of the Little Bonnechere  Several ‘thought leadership papers by William Allen including: Importance of Archaeology re Species at Risk: Eel Focus William Allen Nov 2007 Nineteenth Century Aboriginal Farmers of the Madawaska River Several ‘thought leadership papers by Rory MacKay including: Potatoes in the Pines - Looking at the Material Culture of Nineteenth Century Logging Camps: An Algonquin Park Perspective and beyond April 2014 Why was this research on the camboose shanties of Algonquin Park important?- Rory MacKay Archaeological Research in Algonquin Provincial Park and immediate vicinity to 2023: A Categorization and Chronology An Alternate Explanation for the Anomalous Vision Pits at Rock Lake in Algonquin Provincial Park Looking at the Material Culture of Nineteenth Century Logging Camps: An Algonquin Park Perspective and beyond April 2014 Ontario Archeological Society’s ARC Notes Vol 12 Issue 5 Sept-Oct 2007 Pukaskwa Pits: Rethinking the vision quest hypothesis, by Nancy Champagne Ontario Archeological Society’s ARC Notes Vol 14 Issue 6 Nov-Dec 200 The Aarel Site Camboose Shanty in Algonquin Park by Rory MacKay Archeologists Come to Their Senses - Looking beyond visual archaeological evidence By William Allen Ontario Archeological Society’s ARC Notes Vol 16 Issue 2 Mar-Apr 2011 The Nesswabic (Petawawa) River Watershed – Zone of Political Tension Over the Centuries by William Allen

This is the second of three episodes on archeological activities that have taken place in Algonquin Park since the late 1930s. The focus of Part II  is to provide some insight into the archeological work that was done from 1939 to the late 1990s, mostly by private archeologists with permission from the then Park Authorities.   This musical interlude is called Ride the Wind and comes from Dan Gibson’s Solitudes CD Thunder Spirit.  It is brought to you with the approval of Digital Funding LLC. Solitudes music can be found wherever you get your music streaming. For this series, I’ve relied on a number of key sources including: Rory MacKay’s Algonquin Park – A Place Like No Other and Spirits of the Little Bonnechere Several ‘thought leadership papers by William Allen including: Importance of Archaeology re Species at Risk: Eel Focus William Allen Nov 2007 Nineteenth Century Aboriginal Farmers of the Madawaska River Several ‘thought leadership papers by Rory MacKay including: Potatoes in the Pines Looking at the Material Culture of Nineteenth Century Logging Camps: An Algonquin Park Perspective and beyond April 2014 Why was this research on the camboose shanties of Algonquin Park important?- Rory MacKay Archaeological Research in Algonquin Provincial Park and immediate vicinity to 2023: A Categorization and Chronology An Alternate Explanation for the Anomalous Vision Pits at Rock Lake in Algonquin Provincial Park Ontario Archeological Society’s ARC Notes Vol 12 Issue 5 Sept-Oct 2007 Pukaskwa Pits: Rethinking the vision quest hypothesis, by Nancy Champagne Ontario Archeological Society’s ARC Notes Vol 14 Issue 6 Nov-Dec 2009 The Aarel Site Camboose Shanty in Algonquin Park by Rory MacKay Archeologists Come to Their Senses - Looking beyond visual archaeological evidence By William Allen Ontario Archeological Society’s ARC Notes Vol 16 Issue 2 Mar-Apr 2011 The Nesswabic (Petawawa) River Watershed – Zone of Political Tension Over the Centuries by William Allen The Ontario Archaeological Society Field Manual William Hurley’s Second Annual report on Archaeological research conducted in Algonquin Provincial Park. Dr. John Casselman: American Eels in the St. Lawrence River System - Going, Going, Gone?         https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3uKAKkHzb0

Episode 53: Digging in Algonquin Park Part 1 - Indigenous Origins This is the first of three episodes on archeological activities that have taken place in Algonquin Park since the late 1930s. The focus of the  Part 1 is to provide some insight into the archeological and anthropological origins of Algonquin Park's first visitors. This musical interlude is called Arrival and comes from Dan Gibson’s Solitudes CD Thunder Spirit.  It is brought to you with the approval of Digital Funding LLC. Solitudes music can be found where ever you get your music streaming. For this series, I’ve relied on a number of key sources including: Chapter 2 in David Euler and Mike Wilton’s 2009 Algonquin Park – The Human Impact by Chief Kirby Whiteduck, Rory MacKay’s Algonquin Park – A Place Like No Other and Spirits of the Little Bonnechere  Several ‘thought leadership papers by William Allen including: Importance of Archaeology re Species at Risk: Eel Focus William Allen Nov 2007 Nineteenth Century Aboriginal Farmers of the Madawaska River Several ‘thought leadership papers by Rory MacKay including Potatoes in the Pines - Looking at the Material Culture of Nineteenth Century Logging Camps: An Algonquin Park Perspective and beyond April 2014 Why was this research on the camboose shanties of Algonquin Park important? Archaeological Research in Algonquin Provincial Park and immediate vicinity to 2023: A Categorization and Chronology An Alternate Explanation for the Anomalous Vision Pits at Rock Lake in Algonquin Provincial Park Ontario Archeological Society’s ARC Notes Vol 12 Issue 5 Sept-Oct 2007 Pukaskwa Pits: Rethinking the vision quest hypothesis, by Nancy Champagne Ontario Archeological Society’s ARC Notes Vol 14 Issue 6 Nov-Dec 2009 The Aarel site Caboose Shanty, Algonquin Park by Rory MacKay Archaeologists Come to Their Senses - Looking beyond visual archaeological evidence By William Allen Ontario Archeological Society’s ARC Notes Vol 16 Issue 2 Mar-Apr 2011 The Nesswabic (Petawawa) River Watershed: Zone of Political Tension over the Centuries  by William Allen The Ontario Archaeological Society Field Manual William Hurley’s Second Annual report on Archaeological research conducted in Algonquin Provincial Park. Dr. John Casselman: American Eels in the St. Lawrence River System - Going, Going, Gone  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3uKAKkHzb0 Paddling through the past. Ottawa-Gatineau's Ancient Cultural Landscape https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fShFTkp9j7g

Episode 52: Tom Thomson Remembered: Anniversary Special Given that it is the anniversary this week of Tom Thomson’s disappearance and ultimate death 106 years  ago, I thought it would fun to take Algonquin Defining Moments in a slightly different direction. Published two years ago by  Deryck N. Robertson from Paddler Press in Peterborough, Ontario, Canoe Lake Memories is a book of poetry with reflections on Thomson, Canoe Lake and of course fishing and water.  In addition are some great paintings, which I have posted on my www.algonquinparkheritage.com website. So for this episode, it’s best to find a relaxing spot in nature along with your favourite libation, assume your mindfulness pose and view the episode as a meditation of sorts.  For each  piece, I’ll introduce a bit about the writer so as to provide a bit of context.  I've also included my 3  favorite Tom Thomson songs from Ian Tamblyn including 'Down at Tea Lake Dam' My Heart Belongs to the Northland in Spring' and 'Brush and Paddle'  from his Walking in the  Footsteps  CD.  Also special thanks to Deryck N. Robertson Editor-in-Chief at Paddler Press.  The book Canoe Lake Memories can be found on www.paddlerpress.ca   Enjoy!!!

Episode 51: Habitat Impacts due to Climate Change In this episode, I’m focusing on sharing some of the latest research and thinking on how climate change may impact the habitats of Algonquin.  Specific focus is on the work on both climate projections overall and the expected impacts to fish habitats.  Musical interlude is a composition by Sara Spring called Under Cold Water which can be found anywhere you listen to your music streaming or www.sarapringpiano.ca Key References include: Ridgeway  M.,  Smith D., and Middel T.,  Science and Information Report  IR-14: Climate warming projections for Algonquin Provincial Park  Ridgeway R., Middel T.,  and Bell A., SciencE and Information Report IR-10: Aquatic ecology, history, and diversity of Algonquin Provincial Park  Ridgeway M, McMeans B.,  and Wells M.,Science and  Research  Report  IR-22: The Smoke, Canoe, and Tea lakes fish movement project in Algonquin Provincial Park  2021 Lemieux C., Gray P., Scott D., and Davis R., Climate Change Research Report CCRR-06: - Climate Change and Ontario’s Provincial Parks: Towards an Adaptation Strategy Tozer R., Birds of Algonquinn Park, 2012   Michael Runtz, Explorers Guide to Algonquin Park 2021 Edition Wildlife Research Station Researcher’s Day Presentations Raven article July  27, 2012 (Vol 53 No. 3)  Climate Variability Promotes Unnprecedented Cyanobatterial blooms in a Remote Oliotropic Ontario Lake. Journal of  Paleolimnology  JUne 2019

Episode 50: PT2 - Salamander Research Update with Patrick Moldowan. This is the second of two episodes where I sat down with Patrick Moldowan from the University of Toronto’s School of the Environment and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Board Chair of the Wildlife Research Station to share his recent research insights into the world of the Spotted Salamander. Amphibian research has occurred periodically in Algonquin Park working from the Wildlife Research Station since the mid-1980s and in 2008, Glenn Tattersall from Brock University initiated a continuous study of the salamander population. It appears that they are now key indicators (canaries in the coal mine) of the potential impacts of climate change on the Algonquin landscape. For those interested in learning more about the Algonquin’s Wildlife Research Station check out www.algonquinwrs.ca. This musical interlude is called Spring Awakening and comes from Dan Gibson’s Solitudes CD of the same name.  It is brought to you with the approval of Digital Funding LLC. Solitudes music can be found where ever you get your music streaming.

Based out of the Wildlife Research Station, amphibian research has occurred periodically in Algonquin Park since the mid-1980s.  In 2008, Glenn Tattersall from Brock University initiated a continuous study of the salamander population. Still very active today, this research has generated an extensive body of knowledge, which may be showing us that salamanders could be key ‘canaries in the coal mine’ as it relates to the impacts of climate change on the Algonquin ecosystem. This is the first of two episodes where I am sitting down with Patrick Moldowan from the University of Toronto’s School of the Environment and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology to share his research insights into the world of the Spotted Salamander. Patrick has just successfully defended his PHd thesis on Ecology and Sensitivity to Environmental Change of a Northern Population of Spotted Salamander. Patrick is a devoted lifelong interpretive naturalist with a special interest in herpetology and biogeography especially salamanders and turtles.  In 2015, he was named Canada’s 26th ‘New Noah’ by Wildlife Preservation Canada.  Patrick is also the Board Chair for Algonquin’s Wildlife Research Station.  For those interested in learning more about the Algonquin’s Wildlife Research Station check out www.algonquinwrs.ca. This musical interlude is called Marshlands and comes from Dan Gibson’s Solitudes Algonquin Suite CD.   It is brought to you with the approval of Digital Funding LLC. Solitudes music can be found where ever you get your music streaming. Key Research References of Interest Favot, E. J., Rühland, K. M., DeSellas, A. M., Ingram, R., Paterson, A. M., & Smol, J. P. (2019). Climate variability promotes unprecedented cyanobacterial blooms in a remote oligotrophic Ontario Lake: evidence from paleolimnology. Journal of Paleolimnology, 62(1), 31-52.  (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10933-019-00074-4?muraadminpreview&error=cookies_not_supported&code=5bff1736-2082-4895-b515-fb960cbdf5d8) Lemieux, C. J., Scott, D. J., Gray, P. A., & Davis, R. G. 2007. Climate change and Ontario’s Provincial Parks. Towards an adaptation strategy. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Applied Research and Development Branch. Climate change research report CCRR-06. (https://files.cvc.ca/cvc/uploads/2011/02/climate-change-and-ontarios-provincial-parks-adaptation-strategy.pdf) Moldowan, P. D., Tattersall, G. J., & Rollinson, N. (2022) Climate-associated Decline of Body Condition in a Fossorial Salamander. Global Change Biology, 28(5), 1725-1739. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcb.15766?casa_token=axFcXV7OJx4AAAAA%3A6geU4RawXjNJHlG8LgX12YTE9wd3s0ZP2Hio3F5w9PsWYS7wfHEoiRjP171nGvZnkOB_TrRWslNOtNgQ) Ridgway, M., Smith, D., & Middel, T. 2018. Climate warming projections for Algonquin Provincial Park. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Science and Research Branch. Science and research information report IR-14. (https://www.harkness.ca/wp_harkness/wp-content/uploads/SRB-IR-14-Ridgway-ClimateWarmingProjectionAPP.pdf)

Episode 48:Lake Opeongo PT3 (Leaseholding 1925-Present) In this last of 3 Lake Opeongo episodes, my focus is now on leaseholding activities on  Lake Opeongo beginning about 1925 including a detailed history of Opeongo Lodge,  the life and times of John Bates (Opeongo's only private leaseholder), Lake Opeongo tragedies and few of my own Lake Opeongo musings.  Much of the content comes from a now out-of-print 1998 book by S. Bernard Shaw, called Lake Opeongo:  Untold Stories of Algonquin Park’s Largest Lake. Other references include: Algonquin Park: A Place Like No Other by Roderick MacKay - 2018 Spirits of the Little Bonnechère by Roderick MacKay 2016 2nd edition Algonquin Story by Audrey Saunders 1946 Protected Places: A History of Ontario’s Provincial Park System by Gerald Killan 1993 Nick’s Story Pique Magazine by Robin Nish 2011 This musical interlude is called Thunder Spirit and comes from Dan Gibson’s 2013 Solitudes CD of the same name. It is brought to you with the approval of Digital Funding LLC. Solitudes music can be found where ever you get your music streaming.

Episode 47: PT2 The Great Opeongo Lake  - Colonization 1850-1925 In this episode, I’m going to focus on recounting the history of the early Lake Opeongo colonization efforts that began in the early 1850s with the building of the   Ottawa Opeongo Colonization Road. Then I’ll share some stories about the Dennison Family’s farming efforts and early attempts at leaseholding on the lake until about 1925. Much of the content comes from a now out-of-print 1998 book by S. Bernard Shaw, called Lake Opeongo:  Untold Stories of Algonquin Park’s Largest Lake. Other references include: Algonquin Park: A Place Like No Other by Roderick MacKay - 2018 Spirits of the Little Bonnechère by Roderick MacKay 2016 2nd edition Algonquin Story by Audrey Saunders 1946 Protected Places: A History of Ontario’s Provincial Park System by Gerald Killan 1993 This musical interlude is called Courage and comes from Dan Gibson’s 2013 Solitudes CD called Thunder Spirits. It is brought to you with the approval of Digital Funding LLC. Solitudes music can be found where ever you get your music streaming.

Episode 46: The Great Opeongo Lake - Times Before 1893 In this and the next two episodes, I will focus on sharing as much history as I can about Algonquin’s largest body of water, Lake Opeongo. Much of the content comes from a now out-of-print 1998 book by S. Bernard Shaw, called Lake Opeongo:  Untold Stories of Algonquin Park’s Largest Lake. I’m also for the first time, going to try to share as much as I know about the indigenous Lake Opeongo experience.  For this, I depend upon two sources by Chief Kirby Whiteduck of the Algonquins of Pikwakanagan including a 2001 Algonquin Park TED TALK and Chapter Two in Mike Walton’s 2009 Algonquin Park: The Human Impact. Other references include: Algonquin Park: A Place Like No Other by Roderick MacKay - 2018 Spirits of the Little Bonnechère by Roderick MacKay 2016 2nd edition Algonquin Story by Audrey Saunders 1946 A History of Canada in 10 Maps by Adam Shoalts 2018 Protected Places: A History of Ontario’s Provincial Park System by Gerald Killan 1993 Names of Algonquin - Technical  Bulletin No,  10  Friends  of  Algonquin Park 1991 It Made the Farmhouse Warm for Winter by Rory MacKay, The Raven, Vol. 63 No.5 Dec 2021 Trading Places, by Rory MacKay, The Raven Vol. 63, No. 4 The Algonquins of Pikwkanagan First Nation https://www.algonquinsofpikwakanagan.com This musical interlude is called Ancient Voices and comes from Dan Gibson’s 2013 Solitudes CD called Shimmer