Dr. Ruscio's interest in this goes back 5 years. Focused on improving the health of bacteria. Observations don't always translate into practical action inside a clinic. You differentiate the discrepancies when you separate the large and small intestine. What's going on in the large intestine isn't indicative of the small. A lot of "gut advice" is large intestine-centric. Small intestine comprises 56% of gut activity. Most prone to leaky gut Most immuno active Where 90% of calories are absorbed Bacterial overgrowth is either an overgrowth of or the wrong type of bacteria in the small intestine Not a parasite Native to your system; either in the wrong place or too much of it. -How SIBO affects the thyroid...12:33 Many people who think they have a thyroid condition actually do not. 60% of people who were rechecked were found not to be hypothyroid. Symptoms of hypothyroidism can be mistaken for other problems in the GI tract. Study done on people with IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) Higher incidence of fatigue, depression and anxiety found They were not hypothyroid Another study looking at 1800 patients Looking for drug use, medication use, prior intestinal surgery; expected these to increase risk of SIBO Two most correlated conditions: being hypothyroid and being on thyroid medication. 290 were taken off medication and retested; 60% were not hypothyroid Neither antibodies, nor weight, nor time on medication dictated whether were hypo or normal thyroid. Speak with your doctor to confirm whether you're hypothyroid or not. Be wary if you were diagnosed by someone outside of conventional medicine. -The testing and protocol for SIBO Dr. Ruscio recommends...22:15 For testing thyroid: test TSH and Free T4 If within normal range, you likely don't have a thyroid problem. For SIBO, two practical options; breath tests. One uses glucose, the other uses lactulose -About the elemental diet. What it is and how it works...27:30 Hypoallergenic, gut-healing meal replacement shake. Absorbs in the first part of small intestine Rests the remainder of the small and large intestine Starves overgrowth Not as difficult as it may sound. -The African vs. the Westerner microbiota, and whether or not it's a good idea to try to mimic our ancestors...32:20 Scientist Gives Himself Fecal Transplant To Try A Hunter-Gatherer's Microbiome Challenge lies in excising just one element out of an entire culture, and inserting it into a totally different population. Many African tribes have parasites in their bodies. Hard to replicate their diet because their bodies have adapted to their specific environment. -What happened when the Sardinians tried to eliminate malaria...39:07 Back in 1950's, Sardinia had a high rate of malaria; cases of MS skyrocketed. Sardinian immune system learned to function with malaria. Once taken away, the immune system didn't know what to do. Created unforeseen adverse consequences. The malaria may have actually strengthened their immune systems. Article: Why Ben uses tapeworms and whipworms -Why we should have more naturally occurring plant life around our home...43:05 -Dr. Ruscio's comments on probiotics...44:55 Most probiotics do not colonize you. Can help reset the microbiota to a healthy equilibrium. Works in tandem with a healthy lifestyle. Think of it as a "nudge" to complement your lifestyle to reset to a healthy equilibrium Should kids use probiotics? The earlier an antibiotic is used, the more detrimental; the earlier a probiotic is used, the more beneficial it is. Can probiotics "seed" the gut? A lot of outlandish claims to market the product. The more a product is marketed, the more claims are made about it. May be unsubstantiated. Ecoli used as a probiotic? -Why we would be "surprised" about dietary fiber...56:30 The amount of data Dr. Ruscio had to sort through almost made him quit writing his book. There have been no consistent benefits shown from high dietary fiber intake. Fiber enthusiasts cherry pick the data from which they make their claims to its efficacy. Carnivore diet: Results are varied on patients Dr. Ruscio has treated who have used it. Focus more on simplifying your diet. A "lazy" diet. -Whether or not melatonin can help with leaky gut...1:03:37 Focus on sleep quality. Use melatonin carefully, to supplement healthy lifestyle. Resources from this episode: -Dr. Ruscio's new book "Healthy Gut, Healthy You" -Thorne Mediclear SGS -DirectLabs for SIBO testing (2-Hr Glucose/Lactulose) Episode Sponsors: -Kion Check out our incredible Black Friday deals! The specials continue through Tuesday, 27 Nov. -Gainswave The bedroom biohack for men and women who want to upgrade their sexual performance. Purchase 6 treatments, and get one for free! -Birdwell Beach Britches Board shorts handmade in the USA since 1961. Get 10% off and free shipping on any order over $99 when you use discount code "ben." -Organifi Green Juice. Get your favorite superfoods in one drink. NO shopping, No juicing, No Blending, No CLEAN UP! Use discount code "greenfield" and get 20% off your order. -Goshas Organics is giving 20% of every order to victims of the recent California wildfires when you use discount code "ben10%." Do you have questions, thoughts or feedback for Dr. Ruscio or me? Leave your comments at http://bengreenfieldfitness.com/healthygut and one of us will reply!  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.