This chapter on Hinduism explains the deep connection of Hindu religion with Astronomy and Astrology and the impact of planetary and star positions on human life. All festivals in Hinduism are associated with the astronomical concepts of solar and lunar system of months. Further the chapter goes in to the Hindu discovery of Kepler’s law of planetary motion thousands of years ago.  Essentially, Astronomy and Astrology have had a major impact in the Hindu way of living over thousands of years.  •Astronomy and Astrology are deeply connected with Hindu religion. •The Hindus had detailed knowledge of the motion of sun, moon, planets of the solar system in the galaxy and the stars contained in the galaxy (knowledge of Astronomy).They further had the knowledge of the effects of these motions on the lives of human beings (knowledge of Astrology). •They defined the planets as well as houses in which they were positioned as responsible (Karakas) for various aspects of life and depending on the strengths/ weakness of the planets or the positions, advocated various Pujas/ Homas to be done or various stones to be worn to attain prosperity and overcome obstacles. •Hindus believed that the position of the ascending sign at the time of birth, sun, moon, and the planets at the time of birth and at different points of time due to their motion have effects on various aspects of life of the human beings. •The Hindu calendar follows the movement of sun (Sauramaana) or moon (Chandramaana). In the solar based calendar every year starts from the time the sun enters the first point of Aries and ends when the sun leaves the last point of Pisces. Every month starts from the time sun enters each zodiacal sign (Raashi) and ends at the time when it leaves that sign. Thus the entire calendar is based on exact times and not based on any approximations. •In the Lunar based calendar, every month is from one new moon to the next new moon and the shortfall between the lunar month and the solar movements is adjusted by one extra month in every 2.7 years. •Further the Hindus were aware that the earth revolved around the sun in an elliptical path. In English astronomy there is a theory called Kepler’s laws of planetary motion which states that in its path around the sun each planet traverses equal area in equal interval of time. This means when the earth is nearest to the sun (perigee) it will travel 30 degrees (one Raashi) in less time compared to the time taken to travel the same 30 degrees when it is farthest to the sun (apogee). If we see the Indian solar calendar the months near January (perigee) are around 28/29 days and months near July(apogee) are 31/32 days. Thus it is very clear that the Hindus were aware of the laws relating to planetary motion even thousands of years back. •All Hindu festivals are related to astronomical movement of sun and moon; new moon, full moon, sun entering a particular zodiacal sign, sun starting its northwardly or southwardly motion etc etc. •In Hindu Astrology, there are 12 zodiacal signs (Raashis), 27 major stars (Nakshatras) and 9 planets (7 actual planets and 2 shadow planets (Chaya grahas) representing the points of intersection of the paths of the Sun and the Moon as they travel in the celestial sphere).