Dive into the fundamentals of congenital heart disease in this high-yield episode covering three cornerstone conditions every clinician should recognize: Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD), Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA), and Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). We break down key pathophysiology, classic physical exam findings, newborn screening clues, hallmark imaging signs, and essential management approaches.

References

1) Bushardt RL, Colomb-Lippa DM, Klinger AM, Reed H. The JAAPA QRS Review for PAs: Study Plan and Guide for PANCE and PANRE. 1st ed. LWW; 2021. ISBN: 9781975143817.

2) Meng X, Zhang L, Li J, et al. Congenital heart disease: types, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Transl Pediatr. 2024;13:tpad.2023.0419. doi:10.21037/tp-23-0419. PMID:38974713; PMCID:PMC11224996. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38974713/

3) Puri K, Allen HD, Qureshi AM. Congenital heart disease. Pediatr Rev. 2017 Oct;38(10):471-486. doi:10.1542/pir.2017-0032. Available at: https://publications.aap.org/pediatricsinreview/article/38/10/471/32004/Congenital-Heart-Disease?autologincheck=redirected