Immunotherapy is the most promising avenue of research for treating deadly brain tumors. M. R. Chambers, DVM, MD, and James Markert, MD, MPH, are leading clinical trial research on therapies using oncolytic viruses and checkpoint inhibitors as part of an ongoing NIH-awarded UAB Specialized Program of Research. They discuss the promising immune system responses they have seen in humans and dogs via RNA-seq and NanoString analyses, as well as how results may translate from one species to the other in the form of expanded clinical trials.