This week we discuss the claim that pre-election polls failed during the 2020 election. And, I recently spoke with Professor Kevin Estep of Creighton University about his recent paper titled “Opting Out: Individualism and Vaccine Refusal in Pockets of Socioeconomic Homogeneity.” The paper is to be published in the American Sociological Review, and is co-authored by Pierce Greenberg.

Segment 1 -- Kevin Estep on “Opting Out: Individualism and Vaccine Refusal in Pockets of Socioeconomic Homogeneity.”

Segment 2 -- The failure of polling in the 2020 election, and questions about the danger of polling for sustaining democracy.