In this “Theology Unpacked” episode, Dr John Moffatt SJ takes us on a race through the first 400 years of Christianity, tracing its journey in the Roman Empire from a persecuted minority to an imperial faith.

He explores how bishops and church councils began to define orthodoxy, establishing shared beliefs and practices across diverse Christian communities. Councils such as First Council of Nicaea and First Council of Constantinople shaped core doctrines, including the Trinity, while the growing influence of the bishop of Rome laid the foundations for the papacy.

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