The last hundred years of the Republic saw tensions between competing military and political leaders at Rome, out of which grew urban violence, politically-motivated murders and brutal civil war. Today we trace the historical background of the years 133-44 BCE, beginning with the Gracchi brothers' revolutionary attempts to deal with the urban poor, and concluding with the dictatorship and assassination of Gaius Julius Caesar. Copyright 2013 La Trobe University, all rights reserved. Contact for permissions.

The Republic: Politics as War (handout)

The Roman World introduces students to the society, literature and art of ancient Rome, through a study of its major historical and literary figures, such as Julius Caesar, Augustus, Nero, Virgil and Ovid. We shall look at Rome’s place in the ancient Mediterranean world, and its connections with ancient Greece and other cultures, such as Egypt and Gaul. Through almost constant warfare, Rome accumulated an enormous Mediterranean empire, and this subject will investigate how this shaped Roman culture, through such topics as the acquisition of slaves and the ability to import luxury objects. We shall also see how the civil conflicts of the first century BCE affected Rome and Roman identity, leading to Caesar, Pompey and others engaging in propaganda wars, as seen through competitive monumental building, and to some self-questioning in the literature of the period. Towards the end of the semester, we shall look at Rome’s lasting influence, and the way that we continue to represent Rome in book and film.