1900 MEXICO CITY
Postwar Reconstruction And Contntal Expansion Conflicts
Alan Taylor, Part Two: In Canada, gregarious politician John A. Macdonald teamed with Thomas D'Arcy McGee and engineered Queen Victoria's selection of Ottawa as the capital to resolve regional rivalry. Following the American Civil War's destruction, President Benito Juárez's Mexican forces, backed by covert United States munitions, successfully ousted Emperor Maximilian's French-backed regime. In the United States, President Andrew Johnson issued thousands of pardons to former Confederates, allowed Southern states to enact restrictive Black Codes, and narrowly avoided removal following impeachment. Grant's administration demobilized federal troops, leaving freed Black citizens vulnerable to violence. Out West, the United States military brutally forced Native Americans onto reservations and into boarding schools to eradicate indigenous culture. Simultaneously, three hundred thousand Chinese railroad workers faced intense racial hostility and were explicitly denied American citizenship despite their labor contributions. (2)