Barry Strauss, Part Two: Strauss examines subsequent Jewish rebellions across the Roman Empire, beginning with the coordinated Diaspora Revolt during Trajan's Parthian campaign. The revolt severely disrupted Rome but led to the destruction of Alexandria's large Jewish community. To assert dominance, Emperor Hadrian rebuilt Jerusalem as the pagan city Aelia Capitolina, banning the Jewish temple. This provoked the Bar Kokhba Revolt (132–136 AD) under Simon bar Kokhba. Using asymmetrical guerrilla warfare and tunnels, the rebels fought bitterly before their defeat at Betar. Strauss concludes with the 4th-century Gallus Revolt and 7th-century Sasanian campaign. (3)