When speaking about neutropenia, most pediatricians will recall oncology patients they cared for in residency who were floridly septic, mucosal sores evident, and too vulnerable to infection to safely take a rectal temperature. Outside of oncology, however, neutropenia has many "flavors" and is often an incidental lab finding in an otherwise healthy, smiling child. While understanding every possible cause for neutropenia is outside the scope of today's episode, we will focus on major findings that offer insight into two important questions: (1) is this patient at risk for serious infection? And (2) do these findings point to a dangerous underlying pathology that needs to be explored further?