In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the field of multimodal learning analytics (MMLA), which focuses on collecting data from physical & online teaching contexts by analysing learning artefacts, traces, and natural human signals, such as gestures and facial expressions. However, despite advances in MMLA, there remain many conceptual, theoretical, methodological, analytical, and pedagogical challenges. In this episode, Dr Rogers Kaliisa discusses the topic of MMLA with Dr Mutlu Cukurova from the University College London and Dr Sambit Praharaj from the Center for Advanced Internet Studies (CAIS)and Ruhr University Bochum in Germany.