The aftermath of the Battle of Madrid left both sides of the war realizing that the conflict was going to be a long and grinding one, and so each began scrambling to consolidate their positions and expand their armies.  Bibliography for this episode:  Jackson, Gabriel The Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-39 Princeton University Press 1965Preston, Paul The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution, and Revenge Harper Perennial 2006Thomas, Hugh The Spanish Civil War Modern Library 2001Beevor, Antony The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939 Penguin Books 2006 Preston, Paul A People Betrayed: A History of Corruption, Political Incompetence, and Social Division in Modern Spain 1874-2018 William Collins 2020 Questions? Comments? Email me at [email protected]