In this episode of the Microsoft Threat Intelligence Podcast, host⁠ ⁠⁠Sherrod DeGrippo speaks with Cynthia Kaiser to unpack the progression of ransomware from isolated attacks into a sophisticated global criminal ecosystem. Drawing on her two decades at the FBI and current role at Halcyon, Cynthia explains how cybercrime has scaled through organized networks, improved tactics, and increasing speed, with some attacks now unfolding in under an hour.  The conversation explores how law enforcement strategies have shifted from targeting low-level actors to disrupting entire ecosystems, leading to more impactful takedowns. Cynthia also highlights the real-world consequences of ransomware, including its growing impact on critical infrastructure like hospitals and the potential for loss of life. The episode examines how AI is shaping both attacker and defender capabilities, accelerating phishing and access while also enabling stronger defensive responses.  In this episode you’ll learn:       How ransomware evolved into a global organized criminal ecosystem  Why modern ransomware attacks are faster, more scalable, and harder to stop  The real-world impact of ransomware, including risks to critical infrastructure Some questions we ask:      How has ransomware shifted into a larger ecosystem over time?  What are companies getting wrong about cyber insurance and recovery?  Are autonomous AI-driven attacks a real threat yet? Resources:  View Cynthia Kaiser on LinkedIn View Sherrod DeGrippo on LinkedIn   Related Microsoft Podcasts:                    Afternoon Cyber Tea with Ann Johnson  The BlueHat Podcast  Uncovering Hidden Risks      Discover and follow other Microsoft podcasts at microsoft.com/podcasts   Get the latest threat intelligence insights and guidance at Microsoft Security Insider  The Microsoft Threat Intelligence Podcast is produced by Microsoft, Hangar Studios and distributed as part of N2K media network.