In this episode, host, Joseph Shuttleworth, is joined by Dr Aude Bernheim, researcher at INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), as they discuss the fascinating field of bacterial anti-viral mechanisms. From the rise of CRISPR for wide-scale genome editing, to the huge range of new anti-viral mechanisms discovered only very recently, this podcast takes you on a whirlwind tour through the evolutional battles going on between bacterial, phages, and genomic elements and the many unknowns that are still unanswered.