In this episode of the Co-creating learning beyond borders podcast Toini Palo and Frank Guan explore innovative uses of virtual and augmented reality in education, focusing on simulation-based learning across international and cultural boundaries.The Co-creating learning beyond borders podcast is about innovative, collaborative, and boundary-spanning approaches to education—especially those that encourage people from different backgrounds to create learning experiences together. It is produced by the Design Thinking and Co-creative Learning through Transdisciplinary Simulation-based Education project as part of activity TFK 2023, Team Finland Knowledge programme in collaboration with Metropolia University of Applied Sciences and Singapore Institute of Technology.Toini Palo, Principal Lecturer, Metropolia UASDr.Sc (Soc. Sciences) and Lic. in Philosophy Toini Palo is a researcher in Metropolia in Future Proof Health and Wellbeing innovation hub. She designs and conducts transdisciplinary RDI in the field of aging and health. Her interest is focused on health promotion, enabling meaningful life and co-design user-friendly solutions.Frank Guan, Associate Professor, Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT) Dr. Frank Guan is an Associate Professor at the Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT) with extensive research expertise in extended reality (XR) and artificial intelligence (AI). As an innovator and entrepreneur, he has advised three technology startups and co-founded a university spin-off company. Dr. Guan actively contributes to the XR and AI community by serving as an Associate Editor for four leading international journals and by organizing numerous international conferences.Manuscript: Toini Palo