"Made in Italy" doesn't always mean what you think. I spent a day in Florence — street markets, tourist shops, highly rated boutiques, and heritage brands like Il Bisonte and Ferragamo — buying leather goods at every price point, then brought all 12 pieces home to check what was real.

Some pieces didn't hold up to scrutiny despite the label. Others — vegetable-tanned totes, hand-burnished card cases, artisan-made shoes — were exactly what Florence is supposed to deliver. Here's how to tell the difference before you buy.

Stay leathertained.