The book explores the political activism of Shi'i clerical elites in Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon during the modern era. It examines how these elites responded to different political opportunity structures and how their interpretations of these structures shaped their political postures. The book also investigates how these elites have navigated a complex historical landscape, including the rise and fall of different regimes, wars, and internal conflicts, in the context of a rapidly changing Middle East.

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