In this episode, Martin talks to Dr Diane Ashiru-Oredope and colleagues at the UKHSA (UK Health Security Agency) about the 2025 ESPAUR report, focusing on what the latest data mean for clinicians, infection prevention teams, and health system leaders. We explore what the latest data reveal about antimicrobial resistance and prescribing trends in England, including changes in resistance patterns among major bacterial pathogens and what this means for patient safety and clinical outcomes.We discuss what’s improving, where challenges remain, and how infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship teams can use national surveillance data to drive meaningful local action.You can download the report in it's entirety here:https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6936ac34b612700b2cb73607/ESPAUR-report-2024-to-2025.pdfThere is also a supplement and summary in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy which can be accessed here:https://academic.oup.com/jacamr/issue/8/Supplement_2 The TARGET antibiotics toolkit hub is abailable here:https://elearning.rcgp.org.uk/course/view.php?id=553e-Bug is available here: https://www.e-bug.eu/