Iceland is the first country to formally declare a potential AMOC collapse a national security threat. Páll Gunnarsson, founder of the Reykjavík Institute, has been close to the political process that produced that declaration. He explains why a country of 400,000 people moved faster than larger Atlantic-rim nations, what made the declaration possible, and why he believes intervention capability research has to advance in parallel with climate science rather than after it. We also dig into his case against the standard moral hazard argument (the idea that climate interventions undermine decarbonization ambition) which he reframes as enforced vulnerability, the position of telling the most vulnerable people in the world to remain vulnerable so that wealthier societies feel pressure to act. And we talk about what comes next: a September pledging event in the EU around the OceanEye initiative, an emerging coalition-of-the-willing approach to research governance, and what happened the first time Reykjavík civil society sat down to discuss climate interventions in public.

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