Stratospheric aerosol injection might be one of the only interventions that could reduce global warming on the timescales that actually matter, but we don't yet know enough to say if it's completely worth the potential tradeoffs, and we're not on track to find out in time. Dakota Gruener is the founder and CEO of Reflective, an independent nonprofit trying to change that by radically accelerating the research. In this conversation, we talk about what it would take to actually evaluate SAI:

• The tools Reflective has built to map the unknowns

• The case for something like clinical trials for the atmosphere

• Why Dakota thinks the worst outcome isn't deployment but decisions being forced before the science is ready.

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