In this class, we will analyze four beautiful piyutim that we chant on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, uncovering some structural oddities along the way. As we raise questions and examine older prints and medieval manuscripts, we’ll uncover a story of mysterious censorship. While we’ll piece together what happened, understanding why it happened will prove to be more challenging.

Links:

Machzor, Lublin 1551

⁠https://www.nli.org.il/en/books/NNL_ALEPH990011638640205171/NLI⁠

Bodleian Library, MS. Michael 619

⁠https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/9e481d9a-06e6-41e8-ae36-a58d445a1ffa/surfaces/2e65041c-333b-4c90-9b54-c3566fbf73d8/#⁠

Bodleian Library, MS. Heb. e. 39 (Geniza)

⁠https://hebrew.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/fragments/full/MS_HEB_e_39_4b.jpg⁠

Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Hébreu 631

⁠https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b105392732/f25.item⁠

Bodleian Library MS. Laud Or. 321

⁠https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/268d1688-4523-4aed-962a-75f24c8cbfd0/surfaces/0b534075-2679-4a1e-88ca-998acfad9899/#⁠

Bodleian Library, MS. Michael 627

⁠https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/b3f2d1d5-ff07-4a6e-87ea-281c41957925/surfaces/ed999873-315d-46dc-a134-c50ca6f24362/#⁠

Bavarian State Library, Cod. Hebr. 69

⁠https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/viewerpage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS#d=[[PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001265200205171-1,FL50147206]]⁠

Basel University Library, MS. R II 2

⁠https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/viewerpage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS#d=[[PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001730950205171-1,FL61239499]]⁠

Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Hébreu 621

⁠https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b105420719/f70.planchecontact⁠

State Library Berlin, MS. OR 4200

⁠https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/viewerpage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS#d=[[PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000819800205171-1,FL55910250]]⁠