Immanuel Kant's "Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals" explores the basis of morality and duty, arguing that a good will is the only thing that is good without qualification. The work transitions from common-sense moral reasoning to a philosophical understanding of morality and then to a critique of pure practical reason. Kant's work aims to establish a supreme principle of morality based on reason alone, independent of empirical considerations25. He argues that a truly moral action is one done from duty, guided by a maxim that can be willed as a universal law, and that respects the intrinsic worth of every rational being.

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