In this episode, Karl Friston unpacks the Free Energy Principle (https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn2787), a unifying theory explaining how the brain minimizes surprise by constantly predicting and updating its model of the world. We explore how this principle sheds light on perception, consciousness, and even psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia. Karl also shares how his journey took him from psychiatry to neuroscience, driven by a passion for applying math and physics to de...