We’re led to believe pessimism is bad by default. It's not. In reality, it’s an underrated tool used by some of history’s greatest thinkers to disrupt the status quo, defy conventional wisdom, and make exciting new discoveries. We're going to break down how you can use pessimism to build businesses, increase productivity, and improve your life through a mental model called "Inversion Thinking."

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About Our Show
On Action Items, we go deep on business, startups, self-improvement, and more to help you make sense of the big trends redefining work and success in a crazy, mixed-up world.

Action Items is hosted by Ryan Duffy, Head of Programming, Partnerships, and Operations at Knowable, a venture-backed (a16z) audio learning startup acquired by Medium in 2021.