Another long episode, 2 hours. TL;DR is below:

Argumentation in academic terms is a formal process that uses logical, emotional, and ethical appeals to persuade an audience, which may be skeptical, sympathetic, neutral, or hostile.

Deduction follows the structure of a syllogism, where a major premise and a minor premise logically lead to a conclusion that must be accepted if both premises are true.

Induction uses an informal structure where evidence supports a hypothesis. This hypothesis can be confirmed to a high degree of certainty based on the evidence but cannot be proven absolutely.

sources:

Kirszner, Laurie G. and Stephen R. Mandell, Patterns for College Writing: A Rhetorical Reader and Guide, Brief Edition, Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2015, 437-461.

Popper, Karl R. "Science as falsification." Conjectures and refutations 1, no. 1963 (1963): 33-39.