As a young girl, Djamila Azzouz loved performing - musical theatre, choirs. She loved nothing more than the thrill of entertaining an audience. But in her teenage years, mental health issues made her shy away from a career that would put her in the spotlight.

When even singing itself became difficult, she found a surprising alternative: screaming. But as a woman, her raw, unfiltered expression often clashed with social expectations, even on the metal music scene.

Matthew Syed explores how, throughout history, women's screams have frequently been tightly controlled, accepted only in specific contexts. And considers whether there are signs of a shift towards greater acceptance and empowerment through screaming, even in horror, where traditionally scream queens have conveyed fear, pleasure, or vulnerability.

With Ithaca’s vocalist Djamila Azzouz, vocal coach Melissa Cross, behavioural and data scientist Professor Pragya Agarwal, and Elizabeth Erwin, researcher in film and media at LeHigh University, Pennsylvania.

Presenter: Matthew SyedProducer: Julien Manuguerra-PattenEditor: Katherine GodfreySound Design and Mix: Mark PittamTheme music by: Ioana SelaruA Novel production for BBC Radio 4

In this episode, you heard:

Ithaca - They Fear Us

Written by Sam Chetan-Welsh, Djamila Azzouz, Will Sweet, James Lewis, Dom Moss.AMF Music Limited

Ithaca - Impulse Crush

Written by Sam Chetan-Welsh, Djamila Azzouz, Will Sweet, James Lewis, Dom Moss.

Ithaca - Cremation Party

Written by Sam Chetan-Welsh, Djamila Azzouz, Will Sweet, James Lewis, Dom Moss.AMF Music Limited

Ithaca - Fluorescent

Written by Sam Chetan-Welsh, Djamila Azzouz, Will Sweet, James Lewis, Dom Moss.AMF Music Limited

Poppy, Amy Lee, and Courtney LaPlante - End of You

Written by Moriah Rose Perreira, Jordan Fish, Amy Lee, Courtney Laplante, Mike StringerSumerian Records