The Pediatric Physical Therapy Podcast March, 2024 Edition: AN INTERVIEW WITH: Eilish M Byrne PT, DSc, PCS, CNT, Assistant Professor, Camino Hospital and Stanford Children's Hospital, California, Visiting Professor University of St Augustine, San Marcos, California. In conversation with Peter Goodwin, Editor, The Pediatric Physical Therapy Podcast (March, 2024 Edition) DESCRIPTION: Dr. Byrne discusses the research her ream has published in Pediatric Physical Therapy, Volume 36, Number 2, 2024 on: “Introducing the i-Rainbow- An evidence-based, parent-friendly care pathway designed for even the most critically ill infant in the Neonatal Intensive Care setting.” AUTHORS: Eilish M. Byrne, Katherine Hunt and Melissa Scala SUMMARY: This study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel, evidence-based developmental care pathway to be used by healthcare providers and parents in the neonatal intensive care setting. PURPOSE: This study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel, evidence-based developmental care pathway to be used by healthcare providers and parents in the neonatal intensive care setting (NICU). The iRainbow is based on current evidence and responds to individual infant health status. It is not base on infant age. METHODS: After development and implementation of the iRainbow, pre-and post- implementation nurse and parent survey data were collected, and pre- and post-developmental care rates were compared. RESULTS: After iRainbow implementation, disagreement among providers on appropriate developmental care interventions significantly decreased, total minutes of daily developmental care and swaddled holding increased significantly, and parents reported that they would recommend the tool. CONCLUSION: The iRainbow is a unique, parent-friendly, infant-based tool that guides sensory interventions in the NICU by staging infants based on cardiorespiratory status and physiologic maturity, not age. The iRainbow improved the delivery of developmental care activities in our unit and was well received by parents and nurses. KEYWORDS: iRainbow, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Therapy, Developmental Care, Neonatal Sensory Interventions, Neonatal Care Path, Family Education WHAT THIS EVIDENCE ADDS: Current evidence: There are many studies and programs demonstrating the benefits of providing evidence-based developmental interventions for both neonates and caregivers.1-4 Gap in the evidence: There is less agreement regarding the safety and timing of developmental interventions7-9, and what does exist tends to rely on gestational age, while recommending performing activities per infant tolerance.5,6 However, this approach can be problematic because preterm infants progress at variable rates, and infant tolerance is not objectively defined. How does this study fill this gap? This study provides objective clinical criteria to define neonate tolerance for intervention guided by the cardiorespiratory stability of the infant, and in later stages, behavior cues of the infant, not gestational age. Implication of all the evidence: Optimal timing of and tolerance to evidence-based developmental interventions in the NICU is still being described. Relying solely on gestational ages may not be ideal for many infants. The iRainbow serves as a valuable tool to objectively identify an infant’s readiness to participate in a developmental care program.

INTERVIEWS IN THIS EDITION: Studio Guest: Linda Fetters PhD, PT, FAPTA University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Pediatric Physical Therapy Editor-in-Chief, adds her comments and reflections on clinical implications arising from the research discussed in the podcast by Pediatric Physical Therapy authors. Author Interviews: 1. Catie Christensen PT DPT PCS, Evidence Based Practice Coordinator, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA “2022 APTA Pediatrics Knowledge Translation Lecture: Clinicians and Researchers Collaborate to Implement a Segmental Approach to Trunk Control” Christensen discusses her team’s detailed investigation of how collaboration between clinicians and researchers can help implement the “segmental approach” to trunk control in patients with cerebral palsy. 2. Kate L. McLeod, Queensland Cerebral Palsy & Rehabilitation Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. “Effect of Active Motor Learning Interventions on Gross Motor Function and Mobility in Children Aged 2 to 6 Years With Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis “ McLeod tells the podcast about her group’s meta-analysis of studies investigating active-motor learning interventions among children with bilateral cerebral palsy. 3. Stacey C. Dusing PT PhD FAPTA PCS, Sykes Family Chair of Pediatric Physical Therapy, Health, and Development, Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. “Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Clinical Trial: A Quantitative Report on Study Engagement and Strategies” Research on physical therapy practice during the COVID pandemic suggests that lessons have been learned and that clinicians will be better prepared for a future pandemic. Dusing tells the podcast about her group’s report in Pediatric Physical Therapy on a study of infants in a rehabilitation clinical trial, that took place before and during COVID. 4. Kelly E. Rock PT, DPT, PhD, PCS, currently Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA and former PhD student at the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, discusses: “Muscle Properties, Gross Motor Performance, and Quality of Life in Children With Sickle Cell Disease”. The group looked at muscle properties and motor performance as metrics to guide and individualize physical therapy plans for children with sickle-cell disease. Rock explains how these outcome measures can provide an evidence-base for therapy planning. 5. Kimberley S. Scott PT DPT PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. “Fidelity of Delivery in a Multisite Randomized Clinical Trial of Intervention Efficacy for Infants With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy” For children with unilateral cerebral palsy, the consistency of interventions between centers and between individual clinicians has been checked in a new study. Scott tells the podcast about her group’s investigation of the fidelity of therapy delivery in a multi-site randomized clinical trial. 6. Jodi Thomas DHSc, School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman’s University, Dallas, Texas, USA “The Head Control Scale: Responsiveness and Concurrent Validity With the Alberta Infant Motor Scale” Although head control holds the key to a number of developmental issues it’s not easy to measure objectively in a new-born infant. Thomas talks about the validation of her group’s recently developed “Head Control Scale” as an accurate measure of head control in young children. 7. Melissa McIntyre PT DPT, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. “Daily Quantity and Kinematic Characteristics of Leg Movement in a Child With SMA Type I” The rare genetic condition: Spinal Muscular Atrophy, or SMA, can now be treated with specific molecular drugs or gene therapy. These treatments alter disease progression, resulting in improved motor function and development. In the best of cases, infants who previously had dismal outlooks and very short survivals can demonstrate near-typical motor development. McIntyre talks about her case study, giving insights into physical therapy for neonates and young children with SMA who demonstrate previously unseen development trajectories and motor achievements.

INTERVIEWS IN THIS EDITION: Studio Guest: Linda Fetters PhD, PT, FAPTA University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Pediatric Physical Therapy Editor-in-Chief. Linda begins this special edition of the podcast by talking about our inspiring former leader, the late Cindy Miles, President of the Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy at the American Physical Therapy Association. Author Interviews: 1. Hércules Ribeiro Leite PhD, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil I Would Like to Do It Very Much! Leisure Participation Patterns and Determinants of Brazilian Children and Adolescents With Physical Disabilities Hércules tells us how the needs of youngsters with physical impairments are often overlooked, especially in low- and middle-income countries. His group’s new program increases their participation in leisure activities such as sports providing new opportunities to improve outcomes. 2: Jeanette M Cadieux PT DPT, Cadieux Physical Therapy, Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA Pediatric Walking Speed Normal Reference Values in a Local Population In a new research study, Janette has been calibrating pediatric walking speed in typical children as a comparator to help assess performance in children with impairments. 3 Joseph Schreiber PT PhD FAPTA, Physical Therapy Learning for Practice, Pittsburg PA, USA Clinical Outcomes of an Intensity Program for Children With Movement Challenges Joe tells the podcast about his group’s high intensity program of physical therapy for children with movement challenges: a massive initiative developed by his co-authors at the Children’s Institute, in Pittsburgh, bringing clinically important improvements in outcomes. 4: Adriaan Louw PT PhD, Evidence in Motion, Story City, Iowa, USA Pain Neuroscience Education in Elementary and Middle Schools Adriaan explains how our attitudes towards pain influences our experiences of pain. He discusses his research findings on the role of pain neuroscience education among children, and explains how physical therapists are pivotal to implementing this. 5. Deanne Fay PT, DPT, PhD, Professor & Director of Curriculum, Physical Therapy Program, AT Still University, Mesa, Arizona, USA Influence of Modified Instructions on Locomotion Subtest Scores Using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition Deanne explains how departing from the published scripts for instructing children and asking them questions while you are conducting motor function scores can markedly affect the score and should be discouraged. 6. Tanochni Mohanty, MPT, JSS College of Physiotherapy, Mysuru, Karnataka, India Predictors of Risk for Cerebral Palsy: A Review Tanochni gives the podcast some of the key findings from her group’s big new survey reviewing data on predictive risk factors for cerebral palsy. In particular she highlights the significance of absent fidgety movements among infants and of prenatal general movements. 7. Kara Boynewicz, PT, PhD, DPT, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee Early Identification of Atypical Motor Performance of Infants With Prenatal Opioid Exposure Coping with new-born babies heavily exposed to opiates in utero became a key specialist activity for Kara who has been studying how best to give these infant as good a start in life as possible by setting up a carefully controlled investigation of motor performance in new-born infants with: Neonatal Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome, NOWS.

INTERVIEWS IN THIS EDITION: Studio Guest: Linda Fetters PhD, PT, FAPTA University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Pediatric Physical Therapy Editor in Chief Dr. Fetters adds her comments about clinical implications of the new data and insights discussed by authors interviewed in the podcast. Author Interviews: 1. Jamie B Hall PT, DPT, PhD, PCS, Assistant Teaching Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Missouri, Columbia MO, USA “Caregiver Perceptions of an Interdisciplinary Intensive Therapy Program: A Qualitative Study” Caregivers are at the center of a study using interdisciplinary intensive therapy for children with cerebral palsy and other neurodevelopmental impairments. 2: Roberto M. Benzo PhD, Assistant Professor, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus OH, USA, formerly: Department of Psychology, University of Miami FL, USA. “Physical Fitness Among Adolescents who are Hispanic with Overweight or Obesity” New research on physical fitness in overweight and obese young people shows that it can—and should—be accurately monitored in adolescence to help spot those at risk. The study looked at 280 youngsters who were Hispanic with overweight or obesity. 3: Bethany M. Sloane PT, DPT, Pediatric Physical Therapist, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA “Modified Ride-on Car Intervention for Children With Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities: A Case Series” A research study looked at using power mobility devices to help children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities achieve independent mobility. 4: Julie Orlando DPT, Biomechanics & Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark DE, USA “Development and Initial Evaluation of a Soft Ankle Support for Children With Ankle Impairments” A soft ankle support for children with ankle impairments has been trialed to provide a comfortable and attractive alternative to conventional ankle-foot orthoses. 5. Marisa Birkmeier PT, DPT, DHSc, Assistant Professor, Director of Clinical Education, George Washington University, Washington, DC “Excellence in Pediatric Physical Therapy Education: Recommendations and Action Items” An assessment of the current guideline recommendations for the pursuit of excellence in education for pediatric physical therapy students.

INTERVIEWS IN THIS EDITION 1. Amy Bailes, PT PhD Director of Physical Therapy Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH “Inpatient Physical Therapy After Orthopedic Lower Extremity Surgery in Children With Cerebral Palsy” A new study in Pediatric Physical Therapy reveals the proportion of children with cerebral palsy having physical therapy during inpatient stay after their orthopedic lower extremity surgery. The value of such therapy to inpatient care is discussed by lead author Amy Bailes.  2. Rachel Bican, PT, DPT, PhD Assistant Professor, Division of Physical Therapy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio “Comparison of Gross Motor Outcomes Between Children With Cerebral Palsy From Appalachian and Non-Appalachian Counties” Pediatric Physical Therapy researcher Rachel Bican talks about her investigation of cerebral palsy outcomes in the US Appalachian area compared to nearby non-Apalachian regions.  3. Nancy Lennon, PT DPT MS Department of Orthopedics, Division of Therapeutic and Rehabilitation Services, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, Delaware, USA “Factors Associated With Short-Term Recovery Following Single-Event Multilevel Surgery for Children With Cerebral Palsy.” Nancy Lennon talks about her group’s research findings of the effect of physical therapy on the outcome of single event multilevel surgery performed to improve motor function in children with cerebral palsy. 4. Natalie Fairbairn, MPH/MHM, OT Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, The Children’s Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. “Risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder in 8- and 9-Year-Olds Following Newborn Cardiac and Non–Cardiac Surgery” Natalie Fairbairn discusses the risks her group found of cardiac and non-cardiac surgery on newborn babies—in particular its effect on developmental co-ordination disorder. 5. James E Gehringer, PhD Research Assistant Professor Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska  “Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Training in Virtual Reality: A Feasibility Study” James Gehringer explains how his group integrated virtual reality with Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Training (HABIT) for treating unilateral cerebral palsy. The research appeared to overcome some of the frequently encountered barriers to progress. 6. Johannes J Noordstar, PhD MSc, Assistant Professor, Center for Child Development, Exercise & Physical Literacy, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, Netherlands.  “Is Measuring Physical Literacy in School-Aged Children With Cystic Fibrosis or Congenital Heart Disease Needed?” Physical therapy researcher Johannes Noordstar talks about his group’s research on whether “physical literacy” should be assessed in school-age children with cystic fibrosis or congenital heart disease. 7. Helen Carey, PT DHSc PCS College of Health Sciences, University of Indianapolis, Indiana USA “Early Developmental Trends in High-Risk Neonates Later Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder” Helen Carey talks about her findings (published in Pediatric Physical Therapy) from a study of high-risk neonates showing how autism spectrum disorder can be detected very early in life.

1: Dana Tischler, PT, DPT, MS, PCS, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT, USA “Quality of Life, Participation, and Individualized Support in a Community-Based Yoga Class: A Case Series” Physical therapy researchers in Utah have been trialling a ten-week yoga training class as therapy for children with impairments. In it, they assessed quality of life and participation with the help of doctor of physical therapy students who gave the children individualized support. 2: Noelle Moreau, PT PhD, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA Safety and Feasibility of 1-Repetition Maximum (1-RM) Testing in Children and Adolescents With Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy New insights about optimal use of the 1-Repetition Maximum (1-RM) test have emerged from a study among children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. 3: Pamela Tucker PT DPT, Upstate Medical University Hospital, Syracuse, New York, USA Effectiveness of Robotic-Assisted Gait Training and Aquatic Physical Therapy in a Child With Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A Case Report A case study of a child with the rare, variable condition Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (L-CHAD) brings encouragement that practical management strategies can bring big benefits. 4: Kari S. Kretch PT, DPT, PhD, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Developmental Surveillance Milestone Checklist Updates: “Learn the Signs. Act Early”—Implications for Physical Therapists Physical therapist’s perspective on the Centers for Disease Control updated developmental assessment milestones. 5: Ramona ClarkeBExSci/BPhty, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia International Delphi Recommendations for Pediatric Lower Limb Neurological Test Protocols for Muscle Strength, Reflexes, and Tactile Sensitivity An assessment of lower limb neurological testing in children, with recommendations on muscle strength, reflexes and tactile sensitivity. 6: Andrina Sabet PT ATP, Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital for Rehabilitation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ON Time Mobility: Advocating for Mobility Equity And: Darrien Fann, Patient Self-Advocate, Cleveland OH, USA Equality in mobility—irrespective of physical impairment—is the focus of a new program of information and communication aimed at establishing mobility equity as a human right 7: Hércules Ribeiro Leite, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Research on Children With Cerebral Palsy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries World Health Organisation data on cerebral palsy services in low- and middle-income countries (discussed at the recent 75th Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine) identified big geographical disparities and key areas for improvement in access to good therapy and research. 8: Sudha Srinivasan PT PhD, Physical Therapy Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA Feasibility of Using Joystick-Operated Ride-on-Toys to Promote Upper Extremity Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study While children who can’t walk can benefit from using a powered ride-on toy, those who have impairments not severe enough to prevent walking altogether can also benefit. This is according to a new study of powered mobility assistance among children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy using a mobility toy controlled by a single joystick.  9: Sofie Meijer MSc HU University of Applied Sciences, Master of Pediatric Physical Therapy program, Utrecht, the Netherlands Reliability of Using a Smartphone Application to Objectify Skull Deformation Research using a smartphone app called: the Skully Care App shows that smartphones can be used to quantify infant skull deformation. 10: Carole A Tucker, PT, PhD, Associate Dean of Research, Chair of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA Enhancing the Content Validity of Self-Reported Physical Activity Self-Efficacy in Adolescents: A Qualitative Study A study of self-efficacy in adolescents reports that measures to increase self-confidence among youngsters can help them achieve physical therapy goals.

1: Jaclyn Megan Sions, PT DPT PhD, Clinical Research Scientist, Assistant Professor in Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE Characterizing Pain among Adolescents and Young Adults with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita Primary study objectives were to characterize pain and explore differences between adolescents and adults with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and evaluate associations between pain-related outcomes and mobility. 2: Diana Early, PT PhD PCS, Children’s Health, Dallas, TX The Journey: Parental Expectations and Perceptions of Therapy Services for Children with Down Syndrome The researchers identified and described parents’ expectations and perceptions of therapy services received by their children with Down syndrome 3: Courtney M Goldsbury, PT DPT PCS, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH Infants with Congenital Muscular Torticollis Requiring Supplemental Physical Therapy Interventions To describe supplemental intervention frequency in infants with congenital muscular torticollis and compare groups of infants who received first-choice intervention only to infants who received supplemental intervention. 4: Kelly R Greve, PT DPT PhD PCS, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati, OH Infants with Congenital Muscular Torticollis: Demographic Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Physical Therapy Episode of Care 5: Luke Wakely, PhD, MHSc(Paed Physio), BAppSc(Physio), Department of Rural Health, The University of Newcastle, Tamworth, NSW, Australia A Survey of Parents’ and Carers’ Perceptions of Parenting a Child with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip To explore parents’ and carers’ perceptions of parenting a child with developmental dysplasia of the hip. 6: Rebecca Kern PT DPT, Dept of Rehab & Neurosciences, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, Student Support Programs and Services Seated outcome measures in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy To study the feasibility of seated trunk strength using hand held dynamometry and care giver reported subjective functional independence measures in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 7: Mitch Wolden, PT DPT PhD, Physical Therapy Program, University of Jamestown, Fargo, ND Student Self-Efficacy in Pediatrics: Evaluation and Modification of the Pediatric Communication and Handling Self-Efficacy Scale Our purpose was to examine the reliability and validity of the Pediatric Communication and Handling Self-Efficacy Scale and develop a shorter, modified version. 8: Kimberly D Wynarczuk, PT PhD MPH, Moravian University, Bethlehem, PA The How and the Why of Including Children: Experiential Learning in Teaching Physical Therapy Students This study describes experiential learning activities with children and the rationale for using experiential learning. 9: Jennifer Price PT DPT, Director of Clinical Education & Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, PA, and Tonya Y. Miller, PT, DPT, PhD Program Lead, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Harrisburg University of Science & Technology The Impact of an Overnight Summer Camp on the Quality of Life for Individuals Who Require Ventilatory Support. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of a camp experience for individuals who require ventilatory support.

Creator: Pediatric Physical Therapy Volume 34 Issue 2Duration: 56:10secs INTERVIEWS IN THIS EDITION: Ketaki Inamdar MPT, Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation and Movement Science Program, Motor Development Lab, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. Effect of Contingency Paradigm–Based Interventions on Developmental Outcomes in Young Infants: A Systematic Review The purpose of this systematic review was to identify controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of contingency paradigm-based interventions to improve feeding, motor, or cognitive outcomes during the first year of life. QUOTE: “There are these really interesting, low cost and practical interventions out there” CO-AUTHORS: Sonia Khurana and Stacey C. Dusing          Mary E. Gannotti, PT PhD, Professor, Dept of Rehabilitation Services, University of Hartford, W Hartford, CT, Research Scientist, Shriners Hospital, Springfield, MA Characteristics of Interventions to Improve Bone Health in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review A systematic review evaluated exercise parameters and ages that produced the most improvement in bone among individuals with cerebral palsy ages 3 to 21 years.  QUOTE: Let’s not under-estimate the importance of the skeleton” CO-AUTHORS: Brianna Liquori, Deborah E. Thorpe and Robyn K. Fuchs Laura K Bess PT DPT PCS, Physical Therapist, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St Petersburg, Florida Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Infants With Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A Prospective Cohort Study The purpose of this study is to prospectively determine the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants with congenital muscular torticollis and to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics between infants with and without gastroesophageal reflux disease. QUOTE: ”Do we need to treat the GERD early?” CO-AUTHORS: Jessica Costa, Anh Thy H. Nguygen, Ernest Amankwah and Michael J. Wilsey Marietta van der Linden PhD, Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Scotland Leisure Time Physical Activity in Children and Young People With Cerebral Palsy: a Population-Based Study This study describes leisure time physical activity for children and young people with cerebral palsy and identifies barriers and facilitators to participation. QUOTE: ”These people who were not able to walk can actually run around the track” CO-AUTHORS: Sarah J. Wordie, Bethany K. Dufton , Kavi C. Jagadamma, Cathleen Hunter, Thomas H. Mercer, Mark S. Gaston and James E. Robb Sara K Arena PT DSc PT, Associate Professor, Physical Therapy Program, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan Doctor of Physical Therapy Students’ Perceptions of Engagement in Service Learning With Scouts: A Descriptive Study This study describes Doctor of Physical Therapy Students’ perceptions following their engagement in a health promotion and wellness service-learning event with adolescent boy scouts. QUOTE: ”Service learning experiences are a wonderful way to engage our students” CO-AUTHORS: Samantha, Austin Lewis and Erica Matero Anjana Bhat, MS, PT, PhD, Dept of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark DE Using Telehealth to Conduct Family-Centered Movement Intervention Research in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic This describes a home-based, telehealth format for intervention delivery to support children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and their families. QUOTE: “We shouldn’t think that face-to-face interventions are the only way to do things” CO-AUTHORS: Corina Cleffi, Wan-Chun Su, Sudha Srinivasan Natasha Benn MPT BSc, School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London ON, Canada Chronicling Research and Practice Evolution in Pediatric Physical Therapy This article describes the research and practice trends in the journal, Pediatric Physical Therapy, as a proxy for the field. QUOTE: “We saw—very much—an increase in active based therapies, also an increase in the rigor of the scientific studies”  CO-AUTHORS: Elizabeth Birchard, Evelyn Korompai, Maryam Davari, Vaidehi Patel and Laura K Brunton Marina Ferre-Fernández PT, OT, PhD, Facultad de Ciencias de Salud, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain Intra- and Interrater Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Gross Motor Function Measure This study assesses intra- and inter-rater reliability of the Spanish version of the 88-item Gross Motor Function Measure and its correlation to age and severity of children with cerebral palsy. QUOTE: “Before using an outcome measure in a different country from which it is developed:  perform a cross-cultural adaptation study.” CO-AUTHORS: M Antonia Murcia-González and José Ríos-Díaz

INTERVIEWS IN THIS EDITION: Karina Amani Zapata DPT PhD, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas “The Observational Gait Scale Can Help Determine the GMFCS Level in Children With Cerebral Palsy”The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the Observational Gait Scale and Gross Motor Function Classification System in children who are walking and with cerebral palsy.QUOTE: “We can use the OGS—the Observational Gait Scale—as a helpful clinical tool to quickly and objectively rate a child’s gait”CO-AUTHORS: Charter Rushing, Mauricio Delgado, Chanhee Jo Erin Kinsey PT DPT, Aurora Public Schools, Educational Services, Colorado “Changing the Paradigm of School-Based Physical Therapist Service Delivery: Using Evidence to Support Intensive Intervention” The purpose of this paper is to highlight the paradigm shift away from the typical model of direct service delivery of consistent frequency and duration in the school setting to accommodate an intensive progressive resistive exercise interventionQUOTE: “They were excited to do something new, something different than that traditional service model that we’ve provided in our schools—they really surprised us”CO-AUTHORS: Colleen Curto, Dana Glassman, Melissa Sundberg, Kathryn Rosemeyer, Mary Jane Rapport Hércules Ribeiro Leite, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil“Effectiveness of Modified Sports for Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Pragmatic Study Protocol”This is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial protocol of an intervention study in Brazil.QUOTE: “In the past people used to think that because they have impairment it would not be possible to include in sports and leisure. So, things are starting to change from this point.”CO-AUTHORS: Ricardo de Sousa Junior, Ana Cristina Resende Camargos, Georgina Clutterbuck Patti Berg-Poppe MA MPT PhD, University of South Dakota, Vermillion“Pelvic Floor Muscle Resting Tone in Children With Dysfunctional Voiding Symptomology Following Simple Gross Motor Exercises”The study aimed to understand the effects of a set of gross motor exercises on pelvic floor muscle resting tone in children with dysfunctional voiding symptomatologyQUOTE: “The immediate effects of that exercise were that it reduced pelvic floor resting tone equally as well as diaphragmatic breathing.”

INTERVIEWS IN THIS EDITION: Lindsay Pietruszewski PT DPT, Research Physical Therapist Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OHTITLE: Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination Clinical Use to Recommend Therapist Assessment of Functional Hand AsymmetriesDESCRIPTION: To determine whether in clinical settings, asymmetry scores derived from the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination can provide cut-off scores for recommending in-depth assessment of upper extremity functional deficits by therapists using the Hand Assessment for Infants, a high-resource tool with excellent psychometric properties.  Sonia Khurana PhD, Motor Development Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VATITLE: Neonatal PT Improves Neurobehavior and General Movements in Moderate to Late Preterm Infants Born in India: An RCTDESCRIPTION: To examine whether a structured neonatal physical therapy program improves neurobehavior and general movements in moderate to late preterm infants. Kristel Lankhorst PT PhD, Research Group Lifestyle and Health, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, NetherlandsTITLE: The Preliminary Criterion Validity of the Activ8 Activity Monitor to Measure Physical Activity in Youth Using a WheelchairDESCRIPTION: The primary aim of this study was to assess the absolute and relative time difference, agreement, sensitivity and positive predictive value of the adapted algorithm of the Activ8 to detect ‘active wheelchair use’ compared to observations through video recording. Maaike Bolland-Sprong MSc, Center for Child Development, Exercise and Physical Literacy, University Medical Center Utrecht TITLE: Motor Developmental Delay After Cardiac Surgery in Children With a Critical Congenital Heart Defect: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysisDESCRIPTION: To systematically review evidence regarding the severity and prevalence of motor development in children with a critical congenital heart defect without underlying genetic anomalies. Marilyn Wright PT MSc, CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, School of Rehabilitation Science, Hamilton, CanadaTITLE: Scootering for Children and Youth Is More Than Fun: Exploration of a Feasible Approach to Improve Function and FitnessDESCRIPTION: Describe scootering as a physical therapy intervention for children/adolescents with mobility limitations within the “F-Words in Childhood Disability” (fitness, function, family, friends, fun, and future) and through motion analysis. Bilinc Dogruoz  Karatekin MD, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey TITLE: How Did the Lockdown Imposed Due to COVID-19 Affect Patients With Cerebral Palsy?DESCRIPTION: This study investigated the change in mobility, pain, functional status and spasticity in a pediatric rehabilitation unit after the lockdown. Eleonora Montagnani MSc, School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom TITLE: Dynamic Characteristics of Foot Development: A Narrative Synthesis of Plantar Pressure Data During Infancy and ChildhoodDESCRIPTION: This narrative review aims to describe existing research reporting plantar pressure analysis in typically developing infants and children, to advance understanding of foot development.